液压挖掘机动臂与斗杆的设计

扬州大学学士学位论文1本科生毕业论文毕业论文题目液压挖掘机动臂与斗杆的设计学生姓名所在学院机械工程学院专业及班级机械制造及自动化指导教师张江华顾惠斌完成日期2014年3月31日扬州大学学士学位论文2摘要液压挖掘机应用面广，使用量大，在工程机械市场占有很重要的地位，目前已成为工程机械第一主力机种。液压挖掘机模仿人体构造，有大臂、小臂和手腕，能“扭腰”旋转和行走，具有较长的臂和杆，可做空间六自由度动作，配装上各种工作装置能进行立体作业。这种带有类似人类“基因”的挖掘机已成为人类工程建设中的主要伙伴之一，也被称为土建机械手，是建设机器人的代表。正因为液压挖掘机通用性强，作业范围广，所以被认为是多功能的工程机械。本次设计的题目是液压挖掘机动臂与斗杆的设计。其构造特点是各部件之间的连接全部采用铰接，通过油缸的伸缩来实现挖掘工作中的各种动作。动臂的小铰点与回转平台铰接，并以动臂油缸来支撑和改变动臂的倾角，通过动臂油缸的伸缩可使动臂绕小铰点转动而升降。斗杆铰接于动臂的上端，斗杆与动臂的相对位置由斗杆油缸来控制，当斗杆油缸伸缩时，斗杆便可绕动臂上焦铰点转动。该设计主要是通过对广西玉柴生产的YC-60液压挖掘机进行现场测绘，取得了工作装置的大体结构数据。对YC-60和YC-70液压挖掘机的主要参数进行比较，再结合《液压挖掘机》和《液压与气动传动》，对单斗液压挖掘机的工作装置进行运动学分析和结构参数的计算。根据运动学分析和结构参数的计算结果得到斗杆的基本尺寸和结构尺寸，同时完成斗杆油缸的计算设计。最后用CAD软件和UG软件进行二维图与三维图受力等绘制。关键词：液压挖掘机；动臂；斗杆；设计扬州大学学士学位论文3AbstractHydraulicexcavatorapplicationwidely,usageisbig,hasveryimportantpositionintheconstructionmachinerymarket,atpresentalreadybecamethefirstmajorconstructionmachinerymodel.Hydraulicexcavatorimitatehumanbodystructure,hasabigarm,forearmandwrist,walking\twistawaist\rotationandwithlongerarmsandrod,candoaspaceofsixdegreesoffreedommovement,equippedwithallkindsofworkingdeviceonthethree-dimensionaloperations.Thisissimilartohuman\gene\ofexcavatorhasbecomeoneofthemainpartnersinthehumanengineeringconstruction,alsoknownascivilmanipulator,isarepresentativeoftheconstructionoftherobot.Becauseofhydraulicexcavatorversatility,widescopeofoperation,it'sconsideredversatileengineeringmachinery.Thetopicofthisdesignisthedesignofthehydraulicminingmechanicalarmandarm.Itsstructurecharacteristicistheconnectionbetweenthevariouscomponentsareallmadeofarticulated,throughthetelescopiccylindertoaccomplishallkindsofactionoftheexcavation.Smallhingedpointandmovablearmslewingplatformhinged,andthemovablearmoilcylindertosupportandchangeofmovablearmAngle,throughthemovablearmoilcylinderexpansioncanmakemovablearmaroundsmallhingedpointrotationandlifting.Bucketrodhingedonthetopofthederrick,therelativepositionofthebucketrodandthemovablearmbyabucketrodoilcylindertocontrol,whenthebucketrodoilcylindertelescopicarmcanbemovablearmaroundtheupperenergizerhingedpointofrotation.ThisdesignismainlythroughtotheguangxiyuchaiYC-60hydraulicexcavatorproductionfieldofsurveyingandmapping,thegeneralstructureofequipmentdata.ToYC-60andYC-70mainparametersofhydraulicexcavator,coupledwiththehydraulicexcavatorandthehydraulicandpneumatictransmission,thekinematicsanalysiswascarriedoutonsinglebuckethydraulicexcavatorworkingequipmentandstructureparametercalculation.Accordingtokinematicsanalysisandcalculationresultsofthestructuralparameters,getthebasicsizeandstructuresizeofthearm,atthesametimetocompletethecalculationofbucketrodoilcylinderdesign.Finally,usingtheCADsoftwareUGsoftwareand2dfigureand3dstresssuchasmapping.Keywords:hydraulicexcavator;Movablearm;Arm;design扬州大学学士学位论文4目录摘要.....................................................................................................................1ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................2一.绪论............................................................................................................6（一）.课题研究背景：..............................................................................61.1.1挖掘机的发展历程：.....................................................................61.1.2工程机械中挖掘机的发展现状.....................................................81.1.3挖掘机的发展前景和趋势.............................................................91.1.4小型液压挖掘机应用...................................................................121.1.5常用挖掘机的生产厂家...............................................................14（二）.课题研究意义.................................................................................17（三）论文构成及其研究内容..................................................................171.工作装置结构与布置方式.............................................................18二.斗杆体的总体设计.....................................................................................20（一）.工作装置构成.................................................................................201.工作装置.........................................................................................212.原始几何参数的确定.....................................................................23（二）.工作装置运动学分析.....................................................................241.斗杆运动分析.................................................................................242.特殊工作位置计算.........................................................................24（三）.基本尺寸的确定.............................................................................27扬州大学学士学位论文51.斗杆机构基本参数的选择...................................................272.斗杆的结构设计...............................................................293.结构尺寸的计算...............................................................39（四）.工作装置运动仿真...............................................................411.模型的建立……………………………………………….412.构件运动配装…………………………………………….453.构件运动仿真…………………………………………..…474.UG绘制臂杆与斗杆………………………………………50（五）.销轴与衬套的设计………………………………………521.销轴的设