初中被动语态

1语法学习：初中被动语态一、语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：Theybuiltthebridge.Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词done…..(by)”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。如下表：时态主动语态被动语态例句一般现在时1．Wecleantheclassroom.2．Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.一般过去时1.Hemadethekite.2.Thekitewasmadebyhim.一般将来时1.Theywillplanttreestomorrow.2.Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.现在进行时1.Sheiswateringflowers.2.Flowersarebeingwateredbyher.过去进行时1.Shewaswritingaletterthistimeyesterday.2.Aletterwasbeingwrittenbyherthistimeyesterday.现在完成时1.Jimhasfinishedthework.2.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.含有情态动词1.Icanfindhim.2.Hecanbefoundbyme.三、用法：(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项2歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。1、（1）把主动语态的变为被动语态的。TheteacherpunishedJohn.—waspunishedbytheteacher.（2）把谓语变成(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。Theymakethebikesinthefactory.—Thebikesbytheminthefactory.（3）谓语是短语时，把主动语态中的放介词by后作，将格改为格。Thefarmercutdownatree.—Atreewascutdownby.Sheboughtanewschoolbag.—Thenewschoolbagwasboughtby.(2)表示“使、让”的动词make,have等，以及感官动词see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的to要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：Isawhimgointotheteachers’office.→Hewasseentogointotheteachers’office.(3)带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：Hegavemethepenlastyear.→Iwasgiventhepenlastyear./Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.【注意】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,send,show,teach,tell等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,save等。(4)短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.(5)不用于被动的情况①不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：happen,takeplace,last,end,appear,die,breakout,cometrue,fallasleepThe2016OlympicswilltakeplaceinBrazil.②不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：have,wish,cost,takepartin,belongtoThebookcostme40yuan.③系动词无被动语态：be,look,smell,sound,taste,feel,become,turn,get,grow,fall,keep,stay,remain,appear,seem3Theflowersmellssweet.Thetreeturnsgreen.④某些可和well,easily等副词连用的动词，如：sell,wash,write等。Hisnewnovelsellswell.Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.⑤need,require,want等动词加上动名词或在“worth+doing结构中，其主动形式表示被动的意思。TheroomneedscleaningThisnovelisworthreading课堂练习基础巩固一、用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Mary'sradio______(mend)bymybrotherjustnow.2.Itissaidthatanewschool______(build)heresoon.3.English_______(speak)byabout400millionpeopleinEnglishspeakingcountries.4.---Whatshouldwedofirstifwewanttodevelopourvillage?---Morenewroads________(mustbuild),Ithink.5.We’llhavethreedaysoffifthework_______(finish).6.Therooms______________(paint)now,sotheBondscan’tlivein.7.Thecoinontheground_______________(pickup)bySamatthattime.8.Thewindowsofourhouserequire_____(clean)onceaweek.9.Theseapples____(sell)wellbecausethey____(taste)nice.10.Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thekidsweremade____（stay）intheclassroom.11.Thewomanstilldoesn’tknowwhat____（happen）inherhometownwhileshewasaway.12.Alotoftallbuildings_____(setup)inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.二、变换句式。把给出的主动语态变成变动语态。1.主动:Allthestudentsmustfollowtheschoolrules.被动：2.主动：Theseworkershavemade50scissors.被动：3.主动：Theybuiltapowerstationintheirhometown.4被动：4.主动：Weusenuclearenergytoproduceelectricity.被动：5.主动：Somebodycleanedmyshoesyesterday.被动：6.主动：Theoldmantakescareoftwochildren.被动：提高拓展一、用所给词的正确形式填空。1.ThisEnglishsong___(sing)bytwofamousmusiciannow.2.Thefishermen(fish)ontheseaatthatmoment.3.Anewlibrary(build)inthisareanextyear.4.Thesechildrenwereseen(dance)happilyinthehall.5.Thiskindofcar___(make)inJapan.6.Thefactoryhasalready(raise)somemoneyforthepoorworkers.7.Thislovelyforests(attract)thousandsofbirds.8.Morewater(require)forthefarming.9.Muchmeat(hang)onthepostseveryautumn.10.Whenthey(reach)theairport,wegreetedthemwarmly.二、中译英。1.学生们每周都清洁教室的窗户。2.昨天的会上问了很多问题。3.我们明年会建起很多新的建筑物.4.这些花必须天天浇水，否则就会枯死。5.公园里已经种下了很多梨树。