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Unit11.Mostcountriestakeacensusevery10yearsorsoinordertocountthepeopleandtoknowwheretheyareliving.1.大多数国家每10年左右进行一次人口普查，以便统计人口并了解他们的居住区域。2.Acountrywithagrowingpopulationisacountrythatisbecomingmorepopulous.2.人口增长的国家是一个人口越来越多的国家。3.Aperson’sraceispartlydeterminedbyskincolorandtypeofhairaswellasotherphysicalcharacteristics.3.一个人的种族部分取决于肤色和头发类型以及其他身体特征。4.ThemajorityoftheU.S.populationisofEuropeanorigin.4.大多数美国人口来自欧洲5.Thegeographicaldistributionofacountry’spopulationgivesinformationaboutwherethepeopleareliving.5.一个国家人口的地理分布提供了人们居住地的信息。6.ManydifferentkindsofpeoplecomprisethetotalU.S.population.Inotherwords,peopleofdifferentracesandagesmakeupthepopulation.6.许多不同类型的人构成美国总人口。换句话说，不同种族和年龄的人构成了人口。7.ThemedianageoftheU.S.population,whichisarelativelylargeone,hasbeengettingprogressivelyhigherrecently.7.美国人口的年龄中位数相对较大，最近逐渐上升。8.Metropolitanareasaremoredenselypopulatedthanruralareas.Thatis,theyhavemorepeoplepersquaremile.8.大都市区的人口密度高于农村地区。也就是说，他们每平方英里有更多的人。9.IwanttodiscussthedistributionoftheU.S.populationintermsofageandgender.9.我想讨论美国人口在年龄和性别方面的分布。10.Infact,statistically,womengenerallylivelongerthanmenworldwide.10.事实上，从统计数据来看，女性在全世界的寿命通常比男性长。11.Acountrywhosebirthrateishigherthanitsdeathratewillhaveanincreasingpopulation.11.出生率高于死亡率的国家人口将增加。12.Ontheaverage,womenhaveahigherlifeexpectancythanmendo.Todaywe’regoingtotalkaboutpopulationintheUnitedStates.Accordingtothemostrecentgovernmentcensus,in2010,thepopulationisalmost309millionpeople,anincreaseofabout27millionpeoplesincethe2000census.Apopulationofcloseto309millionmakestheUnitedStatesthethirdmostpopulouscountryinthewholeworld.Now,asyouprobablyknow,thePeople’sRepublicofChinaisthemostpopulouscountryintheworld.Doyouknowwhichisthesecondmostpopulous?IfyouthoughtIndia,youwereright.Thefourth,fifth,andsixthmostpopulouscountriesareIndonesia,Brazil,andPakistan.Nowlet’sgetbacktotheUnitedStatesandlookattheU.S.populationinthreedifferentways.Thefirstwayisbyraceandorigin.Herewe’retalkingaboutthepercentagesofwhites,blacks,andsoon—andthepartsoftheworldthattheyortheirancestorscamefrom.Second,we’lllookatthepopulationbygeographicaldistribution.Inotherwords,wherepeoplelive.Andthethirdwayisbytheageandgenderofthepopulation.Letmemakesureyougotallofthosedowninyournotes.First,we’lllookatthepopulationbyraceandorigin.Second,bygeographicaldistribution.Andlast,byageandgender.Firstofall,let’stakealookatthepopulationbyraceandorigin.The2010U.S.censusreportsthat72.4percentofthepopulationiswhite,whereas12.6percentisblack.About4.8percentareofAsianorigin;NativeHawaiiansandotherPacificIslanderscomprise0.2percent;andNativeAmericansare0.9percent.2.9percentofthepopulationisamixtureoftwoormoreraces,and6.2percentreportthemselvesas“ofsomeotherrace.”Let’smakesureyourfiguresareright:white,72.4percent;black,12.6percent;Asian,4.8percent;NativeHawaiianandotherPacificIslanders,0.2percent;NativeAmerican,0.9percent;amixtureoftwoormoreraces,2.9percent;andpeoplewhosaythey’reofsomeotherrace,6.2percent.Interestingly,Hispanics,whoseoriginslieinSpanish-speakingcountries,comprisewhites,blacks,andNativeAmericans,sotheyarealreadyincludedintheabovefigures.However,itisimportanttonotethatHispanicsmakeup16.3percentofthepresentU.S.population.Anotherwayoflookingatthepopulationisbygeographicaldistribution.DoyouhaveanyideawhichstatesarethefivemostpopulousintheUnitedStates?Well,I’llhelpyououtthere.ThefivemostpopulousstatesareCalifornia,withmorethan37millionpeople;Texas,withmorethan25million;NewYork,withalittlemorethan19million;Florida,withalittlelessthan19million;andfinally,Illinoiswithalmost13millionpeople.Thesefiguresaresurprisingtomanypeoplebecause,althoughoverhalfofthetotalU.S.populationlivesintheSouthandWest,theEastismoredenselypopulated.Nevertheless,therearemorepeoplealltogetherintheSouthandWest.Tounderstandthisseemingcontradiction,oneneedonlyconsidertherelativelylargersizeofmanysouthernandwesternstates,soalthoughtherearemorepeople,theyaredistributedoveralargerarea.Bytheway,theSouthandtheWestaregrowingmuchfasterthananyotherareaofthecountry.Nowtofinishupthissectionongeographicaldistribution,considerthatabout83percentofthepeopleliveinmetropolitanareaslikeLosAngeles,NewYork,Chicago,andHouston.Thatmeansthatfewerthantwooutoftenpeopleliveinruralareas.观察人口的另一种方式是地理分布。你知道哪个州是美国人口最多的五个州吗？好吧，我会帮你的。人口最多的五个州是加利福尼亚州，人口超过3700万；德克萨斯州，超过2500万;纽约，略高于1900万;佛罗里达州，不到1900万;最后，伊利诺伊州有近1300万人。这些数字令许多人感到惊讶，因为尽管美国总人口中有一半以上生活在南方和西方，但东方人口密度更高。尽管如此，南方和西方还有更多的人聚集在一起。要理解这种看似矛盾的问题，人们只需考虑相对较大的南部和西部各州的规模，因此虽然人口较多，但它们分布在更大的区域。顺便说一句，南方和西方的增长速度远远超过该国其他任何地区。现在要完成关于地理分布的这一部分，考虑到大约83％的人生活在洛杉矶，纽约，芝加哥和休斯敦等大都市区。这意味着不到十分之二的人生活在农村地区。Beforewefinishtoday,IwanttodiscussthedistributionoftheU.S.populationintermsofageandgender.Justforinterest,wouldyousaytherearemoremenormorewomenintheUnitedStates?Well,accordingtothe2010census,therearemorewomen.Infact,therearemorethan5millionmorewomenthanmenintheUnitedStates.Ifweconsiderthatmoremalesthanfemalesareborneachyear,howcanthisdifferencebeexplained?Well,oneimportantreasonisthatthereisaprogressivelyhigherdeathrateformalesastheygetolder.Asof2010thel