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1力学词汇(mechanics)力学词汇(mechanics)1mechanics力学Newtonianmechanics牛顿力学classicalmechanics经典力学statics静力学kinematics运动学dynamics动力学kinetics动理学macroscopicmechanics，macromechanics宏观力学mesomechanics细观力学尺度约为0.01——100μm.microscopicmechanics，micromechanics微观力学generalmechanics一般力学solidmechanics固体力学fluidmechanics流体力学theoreticalmechanics理论力学appliedmechanics应用力学engineeringmechanics工程力学experimentalmechanics实验力学computationalmechanics计算力学rationalmechanics理性力学physicalmechanics物理力学geodynamics地球动力学force力pointofaction作用点lineofaction作用线systemofforces力系reductionofforcesystem力系的简化又称“力系的约化”。equivalentforcesystem等效力系rigidbody刚体transmissibilityofforce力的可传性parallelogramrule平行四边形定则forcetriangle力三角形forcepolygon力多边形null-forcesystem零力系equilibrium平衡equilibriumofforces力的平衡equilibriumcondition平衡条件equilibriumposition平衡位置equilibriumstate平衡态componentforce分力resultantforce合力resolutionofforce力的分解compositionofforces力的合成couple力偶armofcouple力偶臂systemofcouples力偶系resultantcouple合力偶momentarmofforce力臂momentofforce力矩momentofcouple力偶矩momentofarea面矩centerofmoment矩心momentvector矩矢[量]2momentvectorofcouple力偶矩矢principalvector主矢[量]principalmoment主矩torque转矩forcescrew力螺旋actingforce作用力reactingforce反作用力reactionatsupport支座反力frictionforce摩擦力kineticfriction动摩擦rollingfriction滚动摩擦coefficientofrollingfriction滚动摩擦系数slidingfriction滑动摩擦coefficientofslidingfriction滑动摩擦系数staticfriction静摩擦coefficientofmaximumstaticfriction最大静摩擦系数angleoffriction摩擦角Coulomblawoffriction库仑摩擦定律centerofreduction简化中心又称“约化中心”。internalforce内力externalforce外力elasticforce弹性力distributedforce分布力concurrentforce汇交力forcesactingatthesamepoint共点力coplanarforce共面力constraint约束constraintforce约束力principleofremovalofconstraint解除约束原理tensileforce拉力tension张力tension拉伸constantforce恒力activeforce主动力concentratedforce集中力parallelforces平行力centerofparallelforcesystem平行力系中心free-bodydiagram受力图描述分离体所受力的图。centerofgravity重心specificgravity，specificweight比重density密度staticallydeterminate静定staticallyindeterminate超静定fixedvector固定矢量freevector自由矢[量]slidingvector滑移矢量principleofrigidization刚化原理Varignontheorem伐里农定理funicularpolygon索多边形bearing轴承journalbearing颈轴承pivotbearing枢轴承pulley滑轮guycable拉索suspendedcable悬索hingedend铰接端planarhinge平面铰sphericalhinge球铰roller滚柱materialpoint，masspoint，particle质点3mechanicalmotion力学运动又称“机械运动”。referencesystem参考系fixedreferencesystem固定参考系movingreferencesystem动参考系geocentriccoordinatesystem地心坐标系positionvector位置矢量简称“位矢”。displacement位移radiusvector径矢又称“矢径”。trajectory轨迹orbit轨道path，itinerary路径path路程沿路径的长度。velocity速度speed速率compositionofvelocities速度[的]合成resolutionofvelocity速度[的]分解angularvelocity角速度componentvelocity分速度resultantvelocity合速度averagevelocity，meanvelocity平均速度instantaneousvelocity瞬时速度radialvelocity径向速度transversevelocity横向速度arealvelocity掠面速度又称“扇形速度（sectorvelocity）”。absolutevelocity绝对速度convectedvelocity牵连速度relativevelocity相对速度initialvelocity初速[度]finalvelocity末速[度]acceleration加速度angularacceleration角加速度jerk加加速度radialacceleration径向加速度transverseacceleration横向加速度tangentialacceleration切向加速度axialacceleration轴向加速度centripetalacceleration向心加速度normalacceleration法向加速度binormalacceleration副法向加速度absoluteacceleration绝对加速度convectedacceleration牵连加速度relativeacceleration相对加速度Coriolisacceleration科里奥利加速度简称“科氏加速度”。hodograph矢端图intrinsicequation内禀方程kinematicalequation运动学方程uniformmotion匀速运动acceleratedmotion加速运动absolutemotion绝对运动convectedmotion牵连运动relativemotion相对运动rectilinearmotion直线运动curvilinearmotion曲线运动circularmotion圆周运动helicalmotion螺旋运动projectilemotion抛体运动compositemotion复合运动rigidbodymotion刚体运动motionofrigid-bodywithafixedpoint刚体定点运动inertia惯性4inertial[reference]frame，inertial[reference]system惯性[参考]系lawofconservationofmass质量守恒定律Galileantransformation伽利略变换Galileanprincipleofrelativity伽利略相对性原理Galileaninvariance伽利略不变性attractionforce吸引力gravitation引力gravitationalfield引力场gravitationalconstant引力常量potentialforce有势力conservativeforce保守力dissipativeforce耗散力translation平移instantaneoustranslation瞬时平移rotation转动fixed-axisrotation定轴转动planarmotion平面运动basepoint基点instantaneouscenter[ofrotation][转动]瞬心instantaneouscenterofacceleration加速度瞬心centrode瞬心迹fixedcentrode定瞬心迹又称“空间瞬心迹（herpolhode）”。movingcentrode动瞬心迹又称“本体瞬心迹（polhode）”。instantaneousaxis[ofrotation][转动]瞬轴instantaneousscrewaxis瞬时螺旋轴fixed-pointmotion定点运动rotationaroundafixedpoint定点转动Chaslestheorem沙勒定理Eulerianangle欧拉角angleofprecession进动角angleofnutation章动角angleofrotation自转角Eulerkinematicalequations欧拉运动学方程finiterotation有限转动infinitesimalrotation无限小转动angularmotion角[向]运动pitch俯仰pitch音调roll侧滚angulardisplacement角位移angularvelocityvector角速度矢[量]polarvector极矢[量]axialvector轴矢[量]Newtonfirstlaw牛顿第一定律Newtonsecondlaw牛顿第二定律Newtonthirdlaw牛顿第三定律constantofmotion运动常量gravity重力accelerationofgravity重力加速度centripetalforce向心力centrifugalforce离心力Atwoodmachine阿特伍德机ballisticcurve弹道ballistics弹道学externalballistics外弹道学limitingvelocity极限速度terminalvelocity终极速度weightlessness失重overweight超重accelerometer加速度计5velocityofescape逃逸速度firstcosmicvelocity第一宇宙速度secondcosmicvelocity第二宇宙速度thirdcosmicvelocity第三宇宙速度systemofparticles质点系momentum动量theoremofmomentum动量定理lawofconservationofmomentum动量守恒定律impulse冲量bounce反弹recoil反冲centerofmass质心isolatedsystem孤立系center-of-masssystem质心[参考]系lab