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Simpleanswer1,whatisthedifferencebetweenthenormalconsolidatedclayandtheoverconsolidatedclay,thecompressionandthestrengthcharacteristicsofthetwo?Answer:thesoilinhistoryhaseverreceivedthemaximumeffectivestressforpreconsolidationstress,expressedonthePC,andtheforceandthepresentPo'thanthatofoverconsolidationratio(OCR),ofthenaturalclay,OCR1.Thesoilisoverconsolidated;whentheOCR=1,normalconsolidationsoilpreconsolidationstress.OCR=1andtheexistingeffectivestressp'0islessthantheexistingconsolidationstressP0,thesoilislessconsolidatedsoilCompressioncharacteristicdifference:whenthepressureincrementisthesame,thecompressionratioofthenormalconsolidatedsoilislargerthanthatoftheoverconsolidatedsoil.Thestrengthcharacteristicsaredifferent:thestrengthofthesuperconsolidatedsoilishigherthanthatofthenormalconsolidatedsoil.Shearproperties:becausetheunderconsolidatedsoilisalsoanormalconsolidatedsoil,sotheyhavethesameshearshape,thatis,shearshrinkageandapositiveporewaterstress.Overconsolidatedsoildividedintostrongoverconsolidatedsoilandslightlyoverconsolidatedsoil,ultraweaksoilconsolidationintheshearandnormalconsolidationsoilas,volumedilation,producesapositiveporepressure,butporewaterpressuretosmallerthanthenormalconsolidationsoil;strongconsolidationintheshearingprocesswillproducedilatancyeffectandproducenegativeporewaterstress.2,thepaperdescribesthefactorsaffectingthesoilcompaction?A:themainfactorsofsoilcompactionarewatercontent,compactionfunction,typeandsizeofsoilandcoarsegraincontent.Ofcohesivesoil,moisturecontentinfluenceismainlymanifestedaswhenthemoisturecontentislow.Thesamecompactionfunctionunderthelowerstemdensity,withincreaseofwatercontentandthedrydensitywillgraduallyimprove;whenreachingacertainmoisturecontent,correspondinghitrealfunctionwillgetmaximumdrydensity,correspondingwatercutraterateforoptimumwatercontent;withtheincreaseofwatercontent,maximumdrydensitybutwilldecrease.Theimpactofcompactionfunctionshowsthatthelargerthecompactionfunction,thedrydensityofsoilislarger,andtheoptimalwatercontentdecreaseswiththeincreaseofcompactionfunction.Soiltypeandgradationofinfluenceperformanceincohesivesoilisusuallynocohesivesoilcompressibility,highclaycontent,compressibility;goodgradation,easycompaction,drydensityhigh;Thecoarsegraincontenthasinfluenceonthecompactness,andtheresultsofthelightcompactiontestneedtobemodifiedwhenthecoarsegraincontentofmorethan5mmgrainsizeismorethan25%and30%.3,comparetheRankineearthpressuretheoryandKulunearthpressuretheoryandthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thesamepoint:itisrequiredthattheretainingwallmovestomaketheshearstrengthofthesoilfilledafterthewalltoshearstrength(limitstate);Differentpoints:LangKentheoryisaccordingtovariouspointsofsoilintheequilibriumstateofstressconditionsforwallbackontheearthpressure.Requirementsforwallsurfaceissmooth,andthefillingsurfacelevelandresultintoolarge.AndCoulombtheoryisaccordingtothebackofthewallandslidingsurfaceofwedgetypeintheconditionofstaticequilibriuminthelimitequilibriumstateforgeneralearthpressure.Thebackwallcanbetilted,roughsoilsurfacetilt,calculationresultsoftheinitiativepressuremeettherequirements,andpassivepressureerrorlarger.Rankinetheoryisconsideringthewallbackfillperpointofdamage,uptothelimitstate;Coulombtheoryconsiderslidingmassoftherigidbodylimitequilibrium;Rankineearthpressuretheoryhastheadvantagesofsimpleformula,easytouse;disadvantages:ofwallinclination,wallbackfillsurfacetiltisnotapplicable;ThetheoryofsoilpressureinKulun:itisapplicabletotheslopeofthewallandthebackfillslopeofthewall;thedisadvantageisthattheconditionoftheclayisnotconsidered;4,whatarethefoundationsofthedestructionoftheform?Whatkindofsoilfoundationwillhappentoeachofthesoil?Accordingtothetheoreticalcalculationformulaofbearingcapacity,whichisthemainfactorinfluencingthebearingcapacityofshallowfoundation?Accordingtothetheoreticalformulatodeterminethebearingcapacitywhichisapplicabletothetypeoffailure?Answer:theoverallshearfailure,shearfailureandpunchingfailure.Foundationfailuremodemainlyandsoilpropertiesespeciallyrelatedtocompaction,ingeneral,forsolidorcompactingthesoilwithlowcompressibility,usuallypresentsgeneralshearfailure.Forsoftclayorloosesandfoundationwithhighcompressibility,oftenappearlocalshearfailureorpunchingsheardamage.Theoreticalformulamethod,standardmethodandtestmethod.Soilbulkdensityandstrengthindex,foundationwidthb,foundationdepthD,undergroundwaterlevel,etc..Thebearingcapacitydeterminedbythetheoreticalformulaisapplicabletothewholeshearfailuremode.5,whyisthatingeneral,thesoil'sselfweightstresswillnotcausethecompressionofthesoildeformation(orsettlement),andwhenthegroundwaterleveldown,itwillcausethesoiltosinkit?A:undernormalcircumstances,thefoundationisanumberofyearsofdeposition,theweightoftheroleofstresshasbeenreducedtoastable.Selfweightstresshasbeentransformedintotheeffectivestress,andthiskindofcase,theselfweightstresswillnotcausethesoiltobecompressed.Butifthesoilisrecentlydeposited,theselfweightstresshasnotcompletelychangedthestress,thentheselfweightstresswill