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Unit9WheelsLesson1OnyoubikeLookatthepicturesandidentifythesetypesoftransport交通工具planeballoonbicyclebuscarboatshipferry渡船helicopter直升飞机lorrymotorcycletraintheundergroundminibus小巴CompletethetablewiththeKeyWordsplane,balloon,bicycle,boat,bus,car,ferry,helicopter,lorry,motorcycle,ship,train,theunderground,minibusTravelonlandTravelbyseaTravelintheairCausepollutionHavegotwheelsbicycle,bus,car,lorry,motorcycle,train,minibusboat,ferry,shipplane,balloon,helicopterplane,boat,bus,car,ferry,helicopter,lorry,motorcycle,ship,theundergroundbicycle,bus,car,lorry,motorcycle,train,minibusWorkinPairs.Saywhichtypeoftransport:•youhavetravelledinoron•youuseregularly•youwouldliketotravelinorone.g.I’vebeenon/ina…afewtimes.Igoto…by…everyday.I’dliketogoon/ina….MatchtheseKeyWordswiththedefinitions•cyclist•lorrydriver•motorist•pedestrian1.someonewhoridesabicycle2.someonewhodrivesacar3.someonewhotravelsonfoot4.someonewhosejobisdrivingalorrycyclistmotoristpedestrianlorrydriverListenandidentifythefourspeakersfromthedefinitionsinExercise3!1.lorrydriver2.pedestrian3.cyclist4.motoristLesson1OnYourBike•Doyouuseabicycle?When?•Whataretheadvantagesofbicyclesovercars?ReadthetextandfindthefollowingexpressionsPara1•享受…的益处•这是个…的好地方•方便…•许多•自行车停放场地•自行车道•自行车城enjoythebenefitsofdoing…Itisagoodcityfordoing…beconvenientfors.th.plentyof…（可数复数或不可数）bicycleparkingbicyclepathcityofBicyclesReadPara1andanswer:WhyisAmsterdamcalledthe“CityofBicycles”?Becausethecityisflat,alsothereareplentyofplacestoparkbicyclesandmoststreetsinthecitycentrehaveabicyclepath.Para2•二十世纪六十年代•自行车迷•不准进入市中心•希望…•节约能源•减少污染•免费交通工具•街区•短途旅行•几周内inthe1960scyclingfansbenotallowedinthecitycentrebehopefulthat…saveenergyreducepollutionfreepublictransportneighbourhoodsshortjourneyswithinweeksReadPara2andanswer:•Whydidthefirst“whitebikes”planfail?•Whatdidthecyclingfansbelievethewhitebikeswouldbring?Becausethievesstolethebike.Theywerehopefulthatthiswouldsaveenergy,reducepollutionandprovidefreepublictransport.Para3•回来了•电脑芯片•记录它们的行动•插入一张特别的卡片•独特的设计•鲜亮的颜色•被停放在…•足够空间bebackcomputerchipsrecorditseverymoveinsertaspecialcardanunusualdesignbrightcoloursbeparkedat…enoughroomReadPara3andanswer:•Howdoesthenew“whitebikes”differfromtheoldones?•Arethenew“whitebikes”reallywhite?Whatcolourarethey?Thenewoneshavecomputerchipswiththemandusershavetoinsertspecialcardstousethem.No.Theyareinbrightcolours.Para4•交通不怎么拥堵•本地人和旅客•多亏…•享受市中心没有汽车的环境Thereislesstrafficlocalsandtouriststhanksto…enjoycitycentrestreetswithoutcarsReadPar4andanswer:•Whateffectshavethewhitebikeshad?•Whohavebeenusingthewhitebikes?ThereislesstrafficincentralAmsterdam.Thelocalsandtourists.PresentPerfectContinuous现在完成进行时•进行时Iamreadingthebook.•完成时Ihavereadthebook.•现在完成进行时Ihavebeenreadingthebook.现在正在读已经读过过去到截至说话为止，一直在读PresentPerfectContinuous现在完成进行时•由“助动词have(has)+been+动词的ing形式”构成：•Shehasbeenswimming.•Ihavebeenthinkingaboutthisproblem.•Theyhavebeencookinginthekitchen.PresentPerfectContinuous现在完成进行时1.表示从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去的动作。它通常和“for…”或“since…”的时间状语连用。Ihavebeenwaitingforaletterfrommyparents.Ithasbeenrainingforthreehours.Wehavebeenstudyingheresince2004.我一直在等我父母的回信。雨已经下了三个小时。我们自从2004年开始一直在这里读书。PresentPerfectContinuous现在完成进行时2.表示从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，可能刚刚结束的动作。•Shehasbeensweepingthestreetallday.Sheistootired.•Wehavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.Wedon'twanttowaitanylonger.她整天都在扫大街。她太累了。我们已经等了你两小时。我们不想再等了。PresentPerfectContinuous现在完成进行时肯定句：I/You/They/We+havebeen+动词ing形式*He/She/It+hasbeen+动词ing形式Ihavebeensittingherealltheafternoon.Hehasbeencollectingallkindsofstampssincehewastenyearsold.我在这儿坐了一个下午。自十岁起他就开始收集各式各样的邮票。PresentPerfectContinuous现在完成进行时•否定句：主语+have(has)notbeen+动词ing形式Theyhaven'tbeenmeetingeachotherforfiveyears.Hehasn'tbeenteachingheretheseyears.他们已经五年没见过对方。这些年，他没有一直在这教书。PresentPerfectContinuous现在完成进行时•疑问句：Have(Has)+主语+been+动词ing形式Haveyoubeenwritingabook?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.时态对比•现在完成进行时与现在进行时比较：现在完成进行时强调某一动作从过去一直延续到现在；而现在进行时只指目前正在发生的动作。试比较：Susanhasbeenreadingthatstorybooksincelastnight.从昨晚开始苏珊就一直在看那本故事书。Susanisreadingastorybooknow.苏珊正在看一本故事书。时态对比•现在完成进行时和现在完成时比较：⑴有些动词(如：work,study,live,teach等)用现在完成进行时与现在完成时表达的意思差不多。试比较：Theteacherhasbeenteachingatthisschoolfortenyears.十年来，那位老师一直在这所学校教书。Theteacherhastaughtatthisschoolfortenyears.那位老师在这所学校已经教了十年书了。时态对比•⑵英语中的多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同的含义。现在完成时如果不带表示一段时间的状语，就只能表示动作的完成，而现在完成进行时则表示动作的延续。试比较：Theyhavebuiltanewlab.他们建造了一幢新的实验室。(表示动作的完成)Theyhavebeenbuildinganewlab(theseyears).他们(这几年)一直在建造一幢新的实验室。(无论用时间状语还是不用时间状语，都表示动作的延续)1.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?A.stoodB.tostandC.standingD.stands2.Thestudenthasbeenthenovelsincehefinishedschool.A.wroteB.writingC.writtenD.writes3.—Hi,David!Areyoutired?—Yes,Iamtired.Itheclassroomsfor4hours.A.amcleaningB.wascleaningC.havebeencleaningD.hadcleaned4.Wherehaveyoubeen?Weyoueverywhere.A.havebeenlookingforB.haslookedforC.hadlookedforD.hasbeenlookingfor5.—Itfornearlyaweek.Willitlastlong?—No,it‘sreportedthatwe’llhaveafineweekend.A.haverainedB.hasbeenrainingC.rainsD.rained1.Hehasbeenwatchingtheinterestingplayfortwohours.(改为否定句)Hewatchingtheinterestingplayfortwohours.2.IhavebeenlearningEnglishfortwoyears.(改