高中英语形容词、副词讲解(共45张PPT)

Theyhavejustboughtanewcar.Thetomatosoupisdelicious.Ithoughthimhonest.Shecamebackhome,coldandhungry.(定语)(表语)(宾补)(状语)形容词的句法功用形容词是用来修饰名词和代词，表示人和事物的特征和性质，在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语Hiseffortsproveduseless.。Ourmonitorishandsomeandstrong.Theclothfeelssoft.形容词的句法功用作表语(在系动词后)be；look,seem,sound,smell,taste,feel,become,get,go,grow,turn,remain/keep,proveIsmeltthefishcarefullyandthefishsmeltterrible.Thericeisgrowingnice.Wearegrowingold.Milk______badeasilyinsummer.He__________________atthemeeting.(保持沉默)Somethinghas____________withmywatch.(出故障)goeskeptsilentremainedgonewrong有些词只能作表语,称为表语形容词.alive;alone;awake;asleep;ashamed;afraidTheboyisstillasleep.Thefishisstillalive.但alive,asleep可以放在名词后作后置定语。Thechildistheonlypersonaliveinthesmallvillageaftertheearthquake.形容词的句法功用作表语Whichisright?asleepingboyanasleepboytheboyalive×Pleasekeepthedooropen.Wefoundhimdeadonthefloor.Whohasmadehimangry?形容词的句法功用作宾语补足语没有什么能使他伤心.Nothingcan____________.他尽量使他的课有趣.Hetriedto_____hislessons_________.请睁大眼睛.Please_____youreyes______.makehimsadmakeinterestingkeepopenHeislyingontheground,dead.Theygothome,tiredandhungry.形容词的句法功用作状语形容词的名词化therich富人thepoor穷人theyoung年轻人theold老年人thewounded伤员thedead死者the+某些形容词，表示“某一类人”Thewoundedarebeinglookedafterinthehospital.1.副词的基本功能:作状语，修饰动词：Hedrivescarefully.Heplaystennisverybadly.修饰全句的副词一般放在句首：Fortunately,hewasnotinjured.Surprisingly,hegothomesoearly.2.频度副词:often,always,usually,seldom,never,sometimes,hardly等的位置Shealwaysgoestoheraunt’sbytrain.Hehadhardlygotupwhenthetelephonerang.Weusuallyhaveadiscussionafterclass.一般在实义动词前，助动词、系动词、情态动词后构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词末+er/estsmallsmallersmallest以-e结尾词+r/stfinefinerfinest重读闭音节须双写末尾辅音字母后再+er/estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest以辅音+y结尾的词须去掉y变为i再+er/esthappyhappierhappiest多音节词在其前+more/mostbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful一.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级(规则变化)原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest一.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级(不规则变化)*形容词最高级前面必须加the副词最高级前面可以不加the二.形容词、副词比较级最高级的几种常用句型1.比较级+than:HeistallerthanI.Thisoneismoredifficultthanthatone.2.as+原级+as:Heisastallashisbrother.Ihaveasmanybooksasyouhave.3.不如…notas/so+原级+as:…less+形容词/副词+than…Thisdressisnotso/asexpensiveasthatone.Thisdressislessexpensivethanthatone.Todayisnotsocoldasyesterday.Hedoesn’tearnasmuchmoneyashissisterdoes.=Heearnslessmoneythanhissisterdoes.5.“越来越…”比较级+and+比较级：Winteriscoming.Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.Thetreesgrowtallerandtalleryearbyyear.6.“越…，就越…”the+比较级，the+比较级：Theharderyouworkatit,thebetteryou’lldoinit.Themoreyoutalk,thelesspatienthegets.7.the+比较级(+ofthetwo…)指“两者中较…样的一个”Iwanttotalkwiththetallerofthetwins.Ofthetwobooks,Iwilltakethethinner.二.形容词、副词比较级最高级的几种常用句型4.the+最高级+of/in+比较范围：Heisthetallestoftheboysinhisclass.Ourcountryhasthelargestpopulationintheworld.1)倍数as+原级+asThisroomistwiceasbigasthatoneTheyproducedthreetimesasmanyTVsetsastheydidlastyear.2)倍数+比较级+thanTheironboxisthreetimesheavierthanthewoodenoneTheyproducedtwicemoregrainthanwedid.三.形容词、副词倍数的表达法四.形容词、副词比较级最高级其它要点1.much;even;rather;alittle;abit;alot;far/byfar;any等词可用来修饰比较级Thisbookismuch/alittle/farbetterthanthatone.Areyoufeelinganybetter?No,evenworse.Therearenowalotmoretreesonthehillaroundthevillage.2.名词词组如fiveyears,tenmetres可用来修饰比较级Iamfiveyearsolderthanyou.HeisaheadtallerthanI.Thisbridgeistwohundredmetreslongerthanthatone.四.形容词、副词比较级最高级其它要点*3.区别两种句型：not+比较级+than(……不如……..)否定前者，即前者不如后者no+比较级+than(…和…一样都不……)否定两者试比较：HeisnottallerthanI.TomisnotallerthanJack.Iamnoricherthanyou.（他不比我高）我并不比你有钱。(=Iamaspoorasyou.)(=TomisasshortasJack.)*nomorethan=onlyHehasnomorethanfivedollarsinhispocket.–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别•-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到…”•-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人…”或“令人…的(事物)”•这样的形容词有：interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;disappointed/disappointing等。复合形容词的构成1）形容词+名词+edkind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的2)形容词+形容词red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的3）形容词+现在分词good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的4）副词+现在分词hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的5）副词+过去分词hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的6）名词+形容词life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的7）名词+现在分词fun-loving爱开玩笑的，peace-loving爱好和平的，8）名词+过去分词hand-made手工的，snow-covered白雪覆盖的，9）数词+名词+edfour-storeyed4层楼的，three-legged3条腿的10）数词+名词（名词用单数）ten-year10年的,two-man两人的其它含比较级的短语和句式比较级+and+比较级；nomorethan和……一样不；more…than…与其说……倒不如……；morethan多于，不只是，非常；lessthan少于；moreorless几乎，差不多，大约，或多或少；soonerorlater(迟早，早晚，总有一天)；what’smore(而且，此外)；nosooner…than…(一……就……)。形容词常用句型1.“It’s+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。例：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.(=Youareverykindtohelpme.)It’sveryrudeofhertosaysuchwords.(=Sheisveryrudetosaysuchwords.)It’sfoolishofhimtogoalone.(=Heisfoolishtogoalone.)2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。形容词常用句型enough的用法(位置)It’s___________today.今天够热的。Hestudied_________