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定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子。功能：就相当于名词词组。担当：主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。类型：1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句作及物动词宾语作介词宾语that一般不省略可以省略一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略whether/if(是否)放于句首时用whether用whether/if均可，但有区别常用whether常用whether常用whether主语从句定义：在主从复合句中充当主语成分的句子。从属连词：that,whether/if连接代词：who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等连接副词：when,where,how,why等1.从属连词：that，whether/if(1)连接词that在句子中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。Thattheearthisroundiswell-known.(2that从句做主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型见下表：句型例句It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable…)+that从句Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.It+be+名词/名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise…)+that从句It’snosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged….)+that从句ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.whether/if(是否)引导的主语从句条件连接词例句句首whetherWhetherthemeetingwillbeheldisstillaproblem.it作形式主语，主语从句置于句末与ornot直接连用时whetherItmakesnodifferencewhetherornothecomes.与表示选择的or…连用whetherItmakesnodifferencewhetherhecomesorleaves.与ornot不直接连用whether/或ifItmakesnodifferencewhether/ifhecomesornot.2.连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which,whichever,whatever,whoever,whomever等连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Whokilledtheactorremainsaquestion.在从句中作主语Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallthearmiesoftheworld.在从句中作宾语3.连接副词：when,where,why,how等连接副词在从句中充当状语，不能省略。Whyhedidn’tcomehereisnotcleartoeveryone.在从句中作原因状语Whenthebroadcaststationwillbereadyisunknown.在从句中作时间状语Wherewewillgohasn’tbeendecide.在从句中作地点状语4.主语从句的注意事项：①从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述语序。②主谓一致：从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数形式；但what和who引导的主从时，有时主句的谓语动词单复数取决于后面名词（作表语的名词）的单复数。WhatIneedismoney。/WhatIneedarebooks.3).如果由and连接两个或两个以上的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgohavenotdecidedyet.4).如果由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecide.①comestothepartywillreceiveapresent.②Itdependsontheclimatetheyaregoingshoppingtoday.③causedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.④Whentheywillstartnotbeendecidedyet.⑤Itissuggestedthatthemeetingcalledoff,becauseitdoesn’tmakeanysense.WhoeverwhetherWhathasshouldbe/be1)youdescribedinthebookmadechildreninterested.2)Itsuddenlyhithimhehadlefthisumbrellainthetaxionhiswayhome.3)theywouldsupportuswasaproblem.4)breaksthelawshouldbepunished.5)hemanagedtosurviveintheforestinterestedeveryonepresent.WhatthatWhetherWhoeverHow宾语从句定义：宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句。类型：动词后宾语从句、形容词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句从属连词：that,if/whether(是否)连接代词：who,whom,what,whoever,whomever,whatever等连接副词：when,where,why,how等。1.及物动词后的宾语从句Iwillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.Couldyoutellmewherethebookingofficeis?2.形容词后的宾语从句常见的形容词有：sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised等表示情感的词。Ourteacherissatisfiedthatwehavemaderapidprogress.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.3.介词后的宾语从句一般来说,介词后可以接wh-类的宾语从句,而in,except,but等少数介词后还可以接that引导的宾语从句.We’retalkingaboutwhetherwegotothemoviesatonce.Yourcompositionisverygoodexceptthatthehandwritingisalittlebad.宾语从句的用法及注意事项(1)宾语从句的语序：陈述语序DoyouknowwhereJim’sfatherwork?(2)it作形式宾语①动词find,consider,think,feel,believe,make等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语。②有些动词及短语enjoy,love,like,hate,appreciate,seeto,dependon,relyon等带宾语从句时，习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。IhavemadeitclearthatIwillnotacceptthejob.Iwillappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.(3)用whether而不用if引导宾从的情况①直接与ornot连用时②从句作介词的宾语时③后接动词不定式时Iwonderwhetherornottheywillcome.Iworryaboutwhetherwecanarrivethereontime.Ican’tdecidewhethertobuythispenorthatone.若宾语从句是否定句时，只用if不用whether。Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tcome.(4)宾语从句的时态①如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态通常应按‘时态呼应’原则调整成过去范畴的相应时态。②宾语从句表示的客观真理或普遍规律，从句用一般现在时。ShesaidthatshewouldflytoLondonthenextday.Theteachertoldusthattheearthisround.(5)宾语从句的省略①动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾从时，第一个that省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。②主句谓语和宾语从句之间有插入语时，宾语从句前的that不能省略。Ibelieve(that)you’vedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove.Heannounced,believeitornot,thathewouldneverforgiveher.(6)在insist,demand,order,suggest,propose,advise,desire等表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等的后面，谓语动词用‘(should)+动词原形’.Thepolicemandemandedthatthegate(should)beshut.(7)否定前移：think,believe,suppose,imagine等动词后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，通常要把否词转移到主句的谓语上，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyou.存在否定前移现象的主从复合句变反意疑问句时，应注意：①若主句的主语是第一人称，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句的主语和谓语分别保持一致。②若主句的主语不是第一人称，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应与主句的主语和谓语分别保持一致。Idon’tthinkhehasfinishedhiswork,hashe?Youdon’tthinkhepassedtheexam,doyou?①Theexhibitiontellsusweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.②Youhavetoknowyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.③----Iwonderhemanagedtopassthedrivingtest.-----Bypractisingmore.④MymothertoldmethepartywasveryimportantandIshouldbehavewell.⑤Hemadeitclearhehopedtobuythecaratadiscount.why/(that)wherehowthatthat表语从句定义：在复合句中作句子的表语从属连词:that,whether,asif(好像，仿佛)连接代词：who,whose,what,which连接副词：when,where,how,why等as、because也可以引导表语从句1.that引导的表语从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无语意，通常不省略，对主语主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。Thefactwasthathedidn’teventaketheexam.主语+系动词+that从句2.连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句(1)连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose在句中起连接作用外充当主语、宾语、表语、定语有各自的含义(2)连接副词when,where,how,why在句中起连接作用外充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语词本身有含义Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.ThatiswhereIdisagreewithyou.(3)连词whether起连接作用，意为‘是否’，在句中不作任何成分。T