1毕业设计(论文)题目:X502型立式铣床微机数控改装(横向)学院:机械工程学院专业:机电一体化工程班级:机电1202学号:010113304504姓名:李开帆指导教师:黄江2014年10月31日I摘要数控机床具有高精度、高效、高速、高可靠性等优点,并且机床结构趋于模块化、数控功能专门化。数控机床是集计算机技术、电子技术、自动控制、传感测量、机械制造、网络通信技术于一体的典型的机电一体化产品。它的发展和运用,开创了制造业的新时代,改变了制造业的生产方式、产业结构、管理方式、使世界制造业的格局发生了巨大的变化。数控技术水平的高低已经成为衡量一个国家制造业现代化程度的核心标志,实现加工机床及生产过程数控化,己成为当今制造业的发展方向。为了满足用户的需求,减少成本及各种浪费,我们不能一味的大量添置全新的数控机床,而是考虑把普通机床改造为数控机床。普通机数控化改造,顾名思义就是在机床上增加微机控制装置即单片机数控系统,使其伺服电机型机床具有一定的自动化能力,使其传动系统更加符合要求,以实现预定的加工工艺目标。这种机床改造花费少,改造针对性强,时间短,改造后的机床大多能克服原机床缺点和存在的问题,生产效率高,尤其适合中国机床拥有量大、生产规模小的具体国情。我国数控系统发展具有以下3个特征:(l)高档数控系统技术已经突破。如华中I型等数控系统,都具有多轴联动功能,快速进给速度在1.67m/s以上,具有较强的通信、管理功能。(2)普及型数控系统技术已经成熟。如北京机床研究所的BS9l系统,这些系统一般配有CRT显示器,可配置直流和交流伺服驱动,2~4轴联动。(3)经济型数控系统仍有广阔的市场前景。由于这类系统结构简单,价格便宜,非常适合中小型企业,目前仍是我国应用面最广的数控系统。比较典型的有南京大方的JWK系列。我国是机床生产大国,又是使用大国。数控机床是机械工业发展的关键产品,我国的数控机床在机床产品中的比例总体水平低。但是我国是发展中国家,许多企业财力薄弱,不可能花费大量的资金添置许多全新的数控机床,同时大量的通用机床不可能全部淘汰。因此,把普通机床改造为数控机床则不失为是一条提高数控化率的有效途径,机床改造花费少,改造针对性强,时间短,改造后的机床大多能克服原机床的缺点和存在的问题,生产效率高。关键词:改装设计X502伺服电机控制系统IIX502typeverticalmillingmachinemicrocomputernumericalcontrolrefittingAbstractNcmachinetoolhastheadvantagesofhighprecision,highefficiency,highspeed,highreliability,andspecializedstructurestendtobemodularmachinetool,numericalcontrolfunctions.Ncmachinetoolisthecollectioncomputertechnology,electronictechnology,automaticcontrol,sensingmeasurement,machinerymanufacturing,andnetworkcommunicationtechnologyinoneofthetypicalelectromechanicalintegrationproducts.Itsdevelopmentandutilization,openedaneweraofmanufacturing,changethemanufacturingproductionmode,industrialstructure,managementmode,makethepatternofworldmanufacturingindustry,greatchangeshavetakenplace.ThelevelofNCtechnologyhasbecomethecoremeasureofacountry'smanufacturingindustrymodernizationdegreesymbol,theprocessingmachineandtheproductionprocessofNC,hasbecomethedevelopmentdirectionofmanufacturingindustry.Inordertomeettheneedsofusers,reducecostandwaste,wecannotblindlylargeadditionsofnewCNCmachinetools,butconsiderthegeneralmachinetoolsforthetransformationofCNCmachinetools.OrdinarymachineCNCtransformation,justasitsnameimpliesisinbedtoincreasethemicrocomputercontroldeviceisthesinglechipdigitalcontrolsystem,theservomotortypemachinetoolhassomeautomationcapabilities,thetransmissionsystemismoreinlinewiththerequirements,inordertoachievethegoalofpredeterminedprocessingtechnology.Thismachinecostsless,reformtargeted,timeisshort,mostofthemachineaftertheoriginalmachinecanovercometheshortcomingsandproblems,highproductionefficiency,especiallyfortheChinesemachinetoolhasalargeamountofspecificnationalconditions,thesmallscaleofproduction.Ourcountrynumericalcontrolsystemdevelopmenthasthefollowingthreecharacteristics:(l)havebreakthroughhigh-gradeCNCsystem.SuchashuazhongtypeInumericalcontrolsystem,allhavethemulti-axislinkagefunction,fastfeedrateinmorethan1.67m/s,withstrongcommunicationandmanagementcapabilities.(2)affordablenumericalcontrolsystemtechnologyismature.SuchasBeijingmachinetoolresearchinstituteBS9lsystem,thesesystemsaregenerallyequippedwithaCRTdisplay,configurabledcandacclothingdrive,2~4axisIIIlinkage.(3)theeconomicalCNCsystemstillhasabroadmarketprospect.Becausethiskindofsystemstructureissimple,cheap,verysuitableforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprise,atpresentisstillthemostwidelyusedncsysteminourcountry.TypicallyhavenanjinggenerousJWKseries.Chinaisbigcountryofproductionofmachinetools,itiswithgreatpower.NCmachinetoolsisthekeyproductdevelopmentofmechanicalindustry,theproportionoftheoveralllevelofNCmachinetoolinourcountrymachinetoolproductsinthelow.ButChinaisadevelopingcountry,manyenterprisesfinancialweakness,cannotspendalotofmoneytoacquiremanynewNCmachinetools,andgeneralmachinetoollargecannotcompletelyeliminate.Therefore,thegeneralmachinetoolstoCNCmachinetoolsisaeffectivewaytoimprovetherateofNCmachinetoolrebuilding,spendless,reformtargeted,timeisshort,afterthetransformationofthemachinetoolareabletoovercometheshortcomingsandproblemsofthemachinetool,theproductionefficiencyishigh.Keywords:reformdesignX502controlsystemnumericalcontrolIV目录一、设计任务..................................................................................................1二、已知条件..................................................................................................1三、设计要求..................................................................................................2四、设计工作量..............................................................................................3五、主要参考书目..........................................................................................4前言.......................................................................................................................5一、机床数控化改造的意义..........................................................................5二、机床改造的优缺点..................................................................................5第一章数控改造总体方案的设计.......................................................................7一、系统总体改造方案的确定......................................................................7二、机械传动系统的改造方案的确定