表格和曲线图的描写

表格和曲线图的描写(descriptionoftablesandgraphs)表格和曲线图具有信息表达集中、一目了然的特点，是科技文献中常用的表达手段之一。将图表中的信息转化为英语描述，要注意以下几点：一、认真观察，仔细分析图表信息，必须选择典型性、具有代表性的予以描述，突出重点，避免过多引用图表中的数字。二、抓住关键词，写作时注意文章的连贯性，恰当运用启承转合词语。三、图表作文结构一般分为三段。第一段描述图表的客观概况并阐述主题。第二段对图表中最有意义或最重要的信息进行描述、归纳或分析说明其原因。第三段写出结论或评论，有时提出解决问题的办法，或引发读者思考发展变化的前景和趋势。另外具体写作时还要注意：1．时态：没有时间按照的表格和曲线图，常用一般现在时；有时间参照的：①参照的时间在过去，用一般过去时；②如果叙述的是经常出现的情况，用一般现在时。2．需掌握的表达法：表示上升、下降的词语increase,goup,rise,raise,soar,rocket,grow,climb,double,triple,decrease,godown,fall,reduce,drop,decline,halveThereisarapidrise/sharpincreasein…beontherise/increase;beindecline或beonthedeclinesuddendecreasesteadydecline/gradualfall/slowdrop/V.+by20%V.+threetimesbethreetimesas+adj.+asincreaseto…常用句型：as-clauseAs+indicated/seen/shown+fromthetable/inthegraphAsisknowninthetable…;Ascanbeseenfromthegraph…;as-clause简化为“as+V-ed”结构Ascanbeseenfromthetable=AsseenfromthetableAsisshowninthetable=AsshowninthetableAshasbeenstated=AsstatedAshasbeenproved=AsprovedAsisshowninFig.1=AsshowninFig.1还可用：Accordingtothetable/chart/graph…关于图表类作文的常用句式:1.As(is)shownbythegraph/inthetable,…(概述图表）正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。Asisshownbythegraph,therehasbeenarapidincreaseinthepopulationofthecountryinthepastfiveyears.2.Itcanbeseenfromthetablethat…（得出结论）Fromthestatisticsgiveninthetable,itcanbeseenthat…Itcanbeconcludedfromthegraphthattherehasbeenagreatdeclinein….A.从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。FromthestatisticsgiveninthetableitcanbeseenthattheaveragepersonalincomeoftheChinesepeopleincreased(grew、rose)rapidlyfrom1985to1990.B.从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。ItcanbeconcludedfromthegraphthattherehasbeenagreatdeclineinbirthratesinChinainthepastfiveyears.graph/concluded;figures/estimated;statistics3.…amountto…（数量总计）/addupto/cometo/sumupto/total/reach/be全部费用合计200美元。Alltheexpenses(costs)amountto(=addupto)$200.Increaseto4.…increasefrom…to…（数量增减）/decrease/rise/fall/dropA.这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。ThenumberofcolourTVsetsproducedbythefactoryincreased(rose,grew,climbed)from5000in1986to21000in1990.B.参加者的人数增加到30万。Thenumberofpaticipantsgrewupto300000persons=increased,reaching300000persons).C.这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人.Thenumberofteachingstaffmembersinthisschoolhasdecreasedto700persons.5.bethreetimesas+形容词+as总产量totaloutput钢的年产量theannualoutputofsteel上升17％riseby17percent日产量thedailyoutput;Thefactoryhasanoutputof9millioncigarettesdaily.导致产量下降resultinadiminishedoutput现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。Thegrainproduction(=output)inourareanowisthreetimesasgreatasthatof1970.6.Comparedwith…,…与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。Comparedwiththatoflastyear,theoutputof13mainproducts(=items)thisyearhasincreasedtoagreatextent.最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长.Thecottonoutputinthisareahasincreasedrapidlyinthepastfewyears.表示时间始末的词组：between2000and2005duringtheperiodfrom1990to2000overtheperiodfrom1995to1998overthepastfiveyears表示对比的承接语：whereas,ontheotherhand,while,however…作文示例及分析：Topic:ChangesinPeople’sDietDirections:1.Statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears;2.Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges;3.Drawyourownconclusions.（Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.）YearFood19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%FruitsandVegetables24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%1.仔细研读作文指令2.认真审查图表3.抓住重点4.注意文章的整体结构第一段：错例Themostchangeinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyearsisthatthereductionofnumberandtheincreaseofkind.Peopledidnotfocusonakindoffood,butmanykinds.Forexample,in1986thereare49%peopleeatgrain.Only10%drinkmilk.Butin1990,thereareonly45%peopleeatgrain.theincreaseto13%peopledrinkmilk.此篇作文可这样描写：Model1：Inthepastfiveyears,greatchangeshavebeentakingplaceinpeople’sdiet.Thereisageneraltrendofdecreaseintheconsumptionofgrain,whiletheconsumptionofsomehigh-energyfood,suchasmilkandmeat,isincreasingrapidlyWhydopeoplehavethesechangesintheirdiet?Inmyopinion,therearetwomajorreasons.Foronething,nowadayspeoplehavemoremoneytobuythefoodwithbetternutrition,whichisgenerallymuchmoreexpensivethangrainorvegetables.Foranother,theynowpatattentionnotonlytothequantitybutalsotthequalityoftheirfood.Theyhavemoreknowledgeinimprovingthestructureoftheirfood.Fromtheabove,wecanseethatinthepastfiveyearspeople’slivingstandardhasbeenrisingyearbyyear.Wecanalsoexpectingtherewillbeamoreprosperousfutureawaitingus.Model2：Inthepastfiveyears,therehavebeengreatchangesinpeople’sdiet.Grain,thestaplefoodofmostChinesepeople,isnowplayingalessimportantroleinpeople’sdiet,whiletheconsumptionofhighqualityfood,suchasmeatandmilkhasincreased.Whathascausedthegreatchanges?Themainreason,Ithink,liesintheimprovementinpeople’slivingstandard.Inthepast,themainpurposeofpeople’sdietistokeeppeoplefrombeinghungry.Peopleweremoreconcernedaboutthequantityoffood,sograinconstitutedalargerportionoftheirdiet.Nowpeople’sattentionismorefocusedonthequalityoffood,andtheycanaffordmorenutritiousfoodsuchasmeatandmilk.Meanwhile,peopleareseekingahealthierandmorebalanceddiet,sotheyagainconsumemorefruitandvegetableswhicharerichinvitaminsandmineralsandgoodforhealth.Sofromtheabove,wecanseethesocietyisprogressingandpeoplearelivingabetterlifethaneverbefore.Thankstotheirhealth-conscio