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20111151BME＆ClinMed,January2011,Vol．15,No．1，X。XX[1]，，，。，，[2]。X“”“”[3]。，。，（InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission，IEC），“（practicalpeakvoltage，PPV）”[4]。X。PPV，，。IECXPPV，（kVpAvg）（kVpMax），PPV、。11.1PPVKramerHM2090[2，5]，2002IECIEC61676，X，。PPV：，。PPV。PPV，X。[10cm（polymethylmethacrylate，PMMA），1.0mm][2]。：X（PPV）。PPVX。-1.4～+1.7kV，-0.9～+2.2kV，PPV-3.7～-0.8kV。，PPV，。：X；；：R318：1009-7090（2011）01-0082-04：AX，··：，100053：2010-03-26；：2010-09-19：（1968-），，，，，，。C，。PracticalpeakvoltageofX-raygeneratorBAIMei,YANHan-min(DepartmentofMedicalEngineering,XuanwuHospitalofCapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing100053,China)Abstract：ObjectiveToanalyzethemeasurementvariationforpracticalpeakvoltage(PPV).MethodsDifferentX-rayimagingequipmentsweremeasuredbyPPVmethod.ResultsThevariationofaveragepeakvoltagewas-1.4to+1.7kVandthemaximumpeakvoltagemeasurementwas-0.9to+2.2kVandtheactualpeakvoltagemeasurementerrorwas-3.7to-0.8kV.ConclusionSincethecalculationmethodsaredifferent,thePPVvaluesaregenerallylowerthankVsettingsandaveragepeakvoltage,thustheoverallmeasurementerrorofPPVishigherthanthemeasurementerrorofaverageandmaximumpeakvoltage.Keywords：X-raygenerator;practicalpeakvoltage;meanpeakvoltage82--20111151BME＆ClinMed,January2011,Vol．15,No．1，，PPV。，。[Ui-（△U/2）][Ui+（△U/2）]，PPV[4]：U⌒=ni=1ΣP（Ui）UiW（Ui）ni=1ΣP（Ui）W（Ui）（1）：UikV；P(Ui)Ui[Ui-（△U/2）][Ui+（△U/2）]；W(Ui)[4]。：Ui＜20kV，W（Ui）=0（2）20kV≤Ui＜36kV，W（Ui）=exp{a×Ui2+b×Ui+c}（3）：a=-8.646855×10-3；b=+8.170361×10-1；c=-2.327793×101。36kVUi≤150kV，W（Ui）=d×Ui4+e×Ui3+f×Ui2+g×Ui+h（4）：d=+4.310644×10-10；e=-1.662009×10-7；f=+2.308190×10-5；g=+1.030820×10-5；h=-1.747153×10-2。ah“X”、“CT”、“”“X”。X，Ui≤50kV，ko：W(Ui)=exp{k×Ui4+l×Ui3+m×Ui2+n×Ui+o}（5）：k=-2.142352×10-6；l=+2.566291×10-4；m=-1.968138×10-2；n=+8.506836×10-1；o=-1.514362×101。，，1，，（1）[4]：U＾=ni=1ΣUiW（Ui）ni=1ΣW（Ui）（6）1.2FlukePPVTNT12000XX（XMammomatNova-tion）X（XMultixC）PPV（：kV）、kVpAvgkVpMax。1.33t，P0.05。2XX12。X，kVpAvg1.1%~4.3%，kVpMax0.3%~3.9%，PPV2.0%~4.8%。X，kVpAvg0.0%~0.3%，kVpMax0.3%~2.2%，PPV1.3%~4.6%（1～3）。PPVkVpAvgkVpMaxtP=0.0000.05，，PPV。X，。，，（4），PPVkVp1kV。X，/kVmAskVpAvgkVpMaxPPV60560.260.258.7601060.460.858.7602060.561.259.270570.470.468.2701071.471.568.6702071.771.768.781579.880.277.3811079.680.278.1812079.680.278.21025102.2102.999.110210102.0103.0100.010220102.1104.299.82XTable2Tubevoltagemeasurementsforgeneralradiography1XTable1Tubevoltagemeasurementsformammography/kVmAskVpAvgkVpMaxPPV232522.022.121.9252524.024.524.0272526.226.326.0282527.127.227.0302529.229.429.2352534.635.134.383--20111151BME＆ClinMed,January2011,Vol．15,No．1（5），PPVkVp1～5kV。3，PPV，。。PPV，PPVkV，kVpkV，kVpkV80%[6]，kV。PPV。PPV[7]。PPV。PPVX。PPV，X。PPV[8]。PPV，PPV，PPV。/s00.050.100.150.2030252015105/kVkVpAvgkVpMaxPPV543210/%/kV6070811023X（20mAs）Figure3Measurementvariationoftubevoltageforgeneralradiography(20mAs)1X（25mAs）Figure1Measurementvariationoftubevoltageformammography(25mAs)6543210/kV/%232527283035kVpAvgkVpMaxPPV2X（5mAs）Figure2Measurementvariationoftubevoltageforgeneralradiography(5mAs)4X（27kV，25mAs）Figure4Waveformoftubevoltageformammography(27kV,25mAs)5X（102kV，5mAs）Figure5Waveformoftubevoltageforgeneralradiography(102kV,5mAs)43210/%/kV607081102kVpAvgkVpMaxPPV/s00.020.040.060.0812010080604020/kV84--20111151BME＆ClinMed,January2011,Vol．15,No．1ProcNatlAcadSciUSA20101012[2010，107（41）：17639-17644]，（NIBS），，，。，，。，，。，。LC-MS7000、MII，、MII、2781、2973、2082，。。DNA，iPS，。，、。iPSTakayamaN20101122（JExpMed，2010Nov22.[Epubaheadofprint]），（iPS），。iPS，“”。，，。“”iPS，，，。，，，。cMyc，。，，。，，。。，。：[1]BeutelJ,KundelHL,VanMetterRL.Handbookofmedicalima-ging[M].Washington,USA:SPIEPress,2000.[2]KramerHM,SelbachHJ,IlesWJ.ThepracticalpeakvoltageofdiagnosticX-raygenerators[J].BrJRadiol,1998,77(842):200-209.[3]RanalloFN.Doctorthesis:thenoninvasivemeasurementofX-raytubepotential[D].Madison:UniversityofWisconsin,1993.[4]InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission.IEC61676:Medic-alelectricalequipment-dosimetricinstrumentsusedfornon-invasivemeasurementofX-raytubevoltageindiagnosticradiology[M].InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission,Gene-va,Switzerland,2002.[5]BaorongY,KramerHM,SelbachHJ,etal.Experimentaldeter-minationofpracticalpeakvoltage[J].BrJRadiol,2000,73(870):641-649.[6]None.TNT12000X-raytestdeviceusersmanualPN132000-1001[M].FlukeBiomedicalCorporation,2008.[7]TeriniRA,PotiensM,HerdadeSB,etal.Measurementofthequ-antitypracticalpeakvoltageintheradiologypractice[J].RadiolBras,2009,42(6):389-394.[8]KramerHM,SelbachHJ.Extensionoftherangeofdefinitionofthepracticalpeakvoltageupto300kV[J].BrJRadiol,2008,81(969):693-701.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!··85--