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29920159JOUＲNALOFELECTＲONICMEASUＲEMENTANDINSTＲUMENTATIONVol.29No.9·1251·2015-06ＲeceivedDate2015-06*51078369DOI10．13382/j．jemi．2015．09．001/*400044。、、、/。TN953+．2A510．99Ｒadar-Baseddisplacement/distancemeasuringtechniquesChenWeiminLiCunlongDepartmentofOptoelectronicEngineeringTheKeyLaboratoryforOptoelectronicTechnology＆SystemChongqingUniversityChongqing400044ChinaAbstractAsonekeytechniquefordistancesensingmicrowaveradarhasbeentheresearchhighlightforseveraldecades．Thispapersummarizesthedevelopmentandapplicationofmicrowaveradarrangingsystems．Accordingtothemeasuringprinciplestherangingsystemsaredividedintofourgroupsinterofermetryradarimpulseradioul-tra-widebandradarlinearfrequencymodulationcontinuouswaveradarandsteppedfrequencycontinuouswavera-dar．Themeasuringprinciplesoftheseradarsystemsarepresentedindetailaswellastheapplicationofeachsys-tem．Finallytheapplicationprospectofradarsensingtechniqueisdiscussed．Keywordsmicrowaveradarnoncontactmeasurementdisplacementmeasurement1/、、、、1-6。、。、。continuouswaveCWDopplerＲadar、impulseradioultra-widebandIＲ-UWB、linearfrequencymodula-tioncontinuouswaveLFMCW、steppedfrequencycontinuouswaveSFCWCW·1252·29。、、。CW1-2。IＲ-UWB3。LFMCW5。SFCWFMCWSFCW、、CW6。4。CW、IＲ-UWB、、LFMCW、、、、SFCW、。、、。2CW2．1CW18-12。1Fig．1Signalsofcontinuouswaveradar、f0、Ф0VT、VＲVTt=Acos2πf0t+Φ01VＲt=ηAcos2πf0t+Φ0－Φ2AηФ。Фf0TФ=2πf0TTLT=2Lc3c。ФLΦ=4πf0Lc4ФФ=N×2π+φ1ФN×2πФφ=Ф－N×2π。。Ф=φ+N×2π4φ+N×2π=4πf0Lc5L9/·1253·L=φ4πf0c+Nc2f06λ=c/f06L=λ4πφ+λ2N7、λ/2ФL77ΔL=λ4πΔφ8Ф=φ+N×2π2VＲt=ηAcos2πf0t+Φ0－φ9φ。ΔLL。2．2φCW、in-phase/quadratureI/Q28。2Fig．2CWradarbasedonquadraturemixerVIVQVI=12cosφ10VQ=12sinφ11φφ=arctanVQV()I12314。3Fig．3CWradarbasedonsix-portdeviceVTVＲP1、P230、π/2、π、3π/2。4|P3|2、|P4|2、|P5|2、|P6|2CC=|P5|2－|P6|2+j|P3|2－|P4|213Cφ=arctan|P3|2－|P4|2|P5|2－|P6|214、、、、·1254·29。。2．3CW、、。2．3．1、、。KimS7-82003、2004/。2003KimS737．6GHz、0．05mm0．3mm。2004KimS8、。。10μm27μm27．7mm/s2．7mm/s。。HaddadiK2、。5～27．5mm4．52．5%FMCW/。HaddadiK9。2．45GHz。LindnerS10。BarbonF11/24GHz4、0．5μm。、18LiCL12time-to-digitalconverterTDCTDC、。2．4GHz50μm30μm。、13、160m。ZhengDQ14。2．3．2。LiCZ1、、。GuCZ15、。。GuCZ169/·1255·、。VinciG174。、。ΔL、L。3IＲ-UWB3．1IＲ-UWB443。4Fig．4SignalsofIＲ-UWBradarIＲ-UWBΔtLL=12cΔt15c。815CWIＲ-UWB。15IＲ-UWB。、、。、5、6IＲ-UWB3026。5Fig．5Correlation-basedIＲ-UWBradar6Fig．6Correlation-basedIＲ-UWBradar·1256·295、6、。IＲ-UWB78。7Fig．7Pulsereceptionbasedonenergydetection8Fig．8Pulsereceptionbasedondownconversion、。530923。9Fig．9Timedifferencemeasurementbasedonamplitudejudgment3．23．2．1/LowZN19UWB8m2cm24m10cm。XuJ20UWBTDOA15m×15m3、8cm10cm。LuoY21IＲ-UWB2110．6°7．2°2．1cm1．9cm。FujiiA22UWB8TDOA20cm。KolakowskiJ23UWBUWB、。CazzorlaA245．6GHz3、。ZhangCMahfouzMＲ25-27IＲ-UWB。ZhangC25UWB、、。MahfouzMＲ26。、、、、、、5m、。ZhangC27、TDOA9/·1257·UWB。、、。3．2．2IＲ-UWB。LaiJCY28IＲ-UWBUWB。。NijsureY29IＲ-UWB1581%、。SchleicherB30IＲ-UWB5。、、3、。IＲ-UWB。CW、IＲ-UWB/。IＲ-UWB、。4LFMCW4．1LFMCW10。10Fig．10TransmittedsignalsofLFMCWTBf0ft=f0+BTt0＜t＜T16Φt=Φ0+2π∫t0ftdt=Φ0+2πf0t+πBTt20＜t＜T17Ф0。0＜t＜TvTt=expjΦ0+2πf0t+πBTt()[]218tD11。11Fig．11Instantaneousfrequencyandthebeatsignal·1258·29vＲt=ηexpjΦ0+2πf0t－tD+πBTt－tD[]{}219ηtD、LctD=2L/c。1819tD＜t＜TvBt=vTt·vＲ*t=ηexpj2πBTtD·t+2πf0tD－πBTtD()[]220tD20、20fB、ФBLL=cT2BfB21L=c4πf0ΦB22LFMCW、。22。LFMCW12。12LFMCWFig．12BlockdiagramofLFMCWradar4．2LFMCW、、、、、、、。、LFM-CW、LFMCW。4．2．1、31LFMCWLFMCW。CZT1mm。32LFMCW、LFMCW。HuangCF33FMCW。34DFT。FMCW。MaxS35FMCW、FMCW、、。FMCW。AyhanS36FMCW。。2m。ScherrS9/·1259·37LFMCW。30dB290μm7μmFFT、CZT、ESPＲIT。1m1mm65μm。LiCL38LFMCWLFMCW。4．2．2、、FMCWFMCW。StelzerA39FMCW。500m。YankielunN40FMCW。FegerＲ4MIMOFMCWMIMO、FMCWMIMOMIMO。0．1mmMIMO。VivetD41FM-CW、。JengSL42FMCW、。。4．2．3LFMCWLFMCWLFMCW。WoodsGS43LFMCWLFMCW。StelzerA44LFMCWLFMCW0．1mm。ZhangH45LFMCWLFMCW。WangG46LFMCW、。、、。LFMCW。5SFCW5．1SFCWLFMCWSFCW13。·1260·2913Fig．13TransmittedsignalofSFCWradarSFCWf0ΔfNttone。B=N－1ΔfSFCWΔL=c/2BN=Lmax/ΔLttone≥2Lmax/cSFCWvIn=cos2πfnτvQn=sin2πfnτ{230≤n≤N－1n。vcn=vIn+jvQn=expj2πfnτ24NVck=1N∑N－1n=0vcn·expj2πN()nk=1N∑N－1n=0expj2πfnτ·expj2πN()nk=1N∑N－1n=0expj2πf0+n－1Δfτ+2πN{}{}nk=1NexpjπN－1Nk+2πf0+N－32Δ()f[]{}τ×sinπNΔfτ+k[]sinπNNΔfτ+k[]25k=NΔfττ=2L/cL=kN－1Nc2B26ΦkΔL=λ04πΔΦ27λ0=c/f0+N－3Δf/2。SFCW、。SFCW、、IDSIBIS47-54。5．2SFCW、、/。5．2．1、ParkJ552002、SFCW3．2GHzSFCW。2006ParkJ56、、SFCW29．72GHz～37．7GHz、、。WeissM57SFCWIFT、0．2mm。KongLJ58SFCWIFTSFCW9/·1261·IDF。CuiG59SFCWSFCW。SFCWIFT、、IDF。5．2．2SFCW、SFCW。PieracciniM60-672000SFCW、、、、。IDSIBISPasqualeGD51、、AtzeniC52。IBIS。6IBIS/。49GPS。SFCWIDS/。。6、、、4。、。、、。。/。/。、、、。1LICZCUMMINGSJLAMJetal．ＲadarremotemonitoringofvitalsignsJ．IEEEMicrowaveMagazine200910147-56．2HADDADIKWANGMMGLAYDetal．A60GHzsix-portdistancemeasurementsystemwithsub-millimeteraccuracyJ．IEEEMicrowaveandWire-lessComponentsLetters20091910644-646．3FONTANAＲJ．Ｒecentsystemapplicationsofshort-·1262·29pulseultra-widebandUWBtechnologyJ．IEEETransactionsonMicrowaveTheoryandTechniques20045292087-2104．4FEGEＲＲWAGNEＲCSCHUSTEＲSetal．A77-GHzFMCWMIMOradarbasedonanSiGesingle-chiptransceiverJ．IEEETransactionsonMicrowaveTheo-ryandTechniques20095751020-1035．5FAＲQUHAＲSONGLANGMANAINNGSMＲ．A50-800MHzsteppedfrequencycontinuouswavegroundpenetratingradarC．Proceedingsofthe1998SouthAfricanSymposiumonCom