高级英语2第1课ppt

PubTalkandtheKing'sEnglishLessonOneContentsBackgroundinformationStructuralanalysisLanguagefeaturesWords&PhrasesFiguresofSpeechBackgroundKnowledgeTheauthorBritishpubsThehistoryofEnglishTheWashingtonPostBackgroundinformationTheauthor:HenryFairlieHenryJonesFairlie(13January1924London,England-25February1990Washington,D.C.)wasaBritishpoliticaljournalistandsocialcritic.HenryFairlie:Hespent36yearsasaprominentfreelancewriteronbothsidesoftheAtlantic,appearinginTheSpectator,TheNewRepublic,TheWashingtonPost,TheNewYorker,andmanyotherpapersandmagazines.BackgroundinformationMostwidelyheldworksbyHenryFairlie•1.TheLifeofPolitics•2.TheKennedyPromise•3.TheSpoiledChildoftheWesternWorld•4.TheParties•5.TheSevenDeadlySinsToday•6.BitetheHandThatFeedsYouBritishpubsApublichouse,usuallyknownasapub,isanestablishmentwhichservesalcoholicdrinks-especiallybeer-forconsumptiononthepremises,usuallyinacozysetting.PubsarecommonlyfoundinEnglish-speakingcountries,particularlyintheUnitedKingdom,Ireland,Australia,NewZealandandCanada.InNorthAmerica,drinkingestablishmentswithaBritishorIrishnameorthemearecalledpubsaswell;theappellation称呼pubitselfisoftenacomponentofthistheme.Althoughthetermsmayhavedifferentconnotations,thereisnodefinitivedifferencebetweenpubs,bars,tavernsandloungeswherealcoholisservedcommercially.Traditionally,apubwhichofferslodgingmaybecalledaninnor(morerecently)hotelintheUK.Todaymanypubs,intheUKandAustraliainparticular,withthewordinnorhotelintheirnamenolongerofferaccommodation,orinsomecaseshaveneverdoneso.Somepubsoftenbearthenameofhotelbecausetheyareincountrieswherestringentanti-drinkinglawswereoncenecessary.Until1976inScotlandonlyhotelscouldservealcoholonSundays;[1]inAustralia,thisrestrictionoperatedallthroughtheweek.Thereareapproximately60,000publichousesintheUnitedKingdom,withoneinalmosteveryvillage.Inmanyplaces,especiallyinvillages,apubcanbethefocalpointofthecommunity,playingasimilarroletothelocalchurchinthisrespect.ThehistoryofEnglishThreestagesofEnglish:•TheOldEnglish/Anglo-SaxonEnglish(449-1066)•TheMiddleEnglish/French-influencedEnglish(1066-1500)•ThemodernEnglish(1500-thepresent):EarlymodernEnglish(1500-1800)LatemodernEnglish(1800-thepresent)ThehistoryofEnglishOldEnglish(449-1066AD):In449,theAngles,Saxon,andJutesfromNorthwestofGermanyconqueredthemostpartofEngland.MiddleEnglish(1066-1500):In1066WilliamtheConqueror,theDukeofNormandy,invadedandconqueredEngland.(theNormanConquest)Foraperiodtherewasakindoflinguisticclassdivision,wherethelowerclassesspokeEnglishandtheupperclassesspokeFrench.Inthe14thcenturyEnglishbecamedominantinBritainagain,butwithmanyFrenchwordsadded.ThehistoryofEnglishEarlyModernEnglish(1500-1800):Fromthe16thcentury,theBritishhadcontactwithmanypeoplesfromaroundtheworld.ManyLatinandGreekwordsandphrasesenteredthelanguageduringRenaissance.Spellingandgrammarbecamefixed,andthedialectofLondonbecamethestandard.In1604thefirstEnglishdictionarywaspublished.LateModernEnglish(1800-Present):theEnglishcolonizationofdifferentcountriesresultedinthecreationofavarietyofEnglish:AmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglish,NewZealandEnglish,CanadianEnglish,SouthAfricanEnglishandIndianEnglish.LateModernEnglishhasmanymorewordscreatedfromtheIndustrialRevolutionandtechnology,andadoptedforeignwordsfrommanycountries.ThehistoryofEnglishNormanConquest1.ReasonsforWilliam’sinvasionofEnglandafterEdward’sdeath:ItwassaidthatkingEdwardhadpromisedtheEnglishthronetoWilliam,buttheWitanchoseHaroldasking.SoWilliamledhisarmytoinvadeEngland.InOctober1066,duringtheimportantbattleofHastings,WilliamdefeatedHaroldandkilledhim.OneChristmasDay,WilliamwascrownedkingofEngland,thusbeginningtheNormanConquestofEngland.NormanConquest2.TheNormanConquestanditsconsequences:TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.WilliamtheConquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.AftertheNormanConquest,thegeneralrelationofNormansandSaxonswasthatofmasterandservant.Oneofthemoststrikingmanifestationsofthesupremacyoftheconquerorswastobeseeninthelanguage.Leading-inquestions•Doyouoftenhavetalkswithyourfriends?•Doyouhaveaplannedtopicorfocusinyourtalks?•Howdoyourtalksgoon?•Whatfunctionsdoyouthinktalkshave?•What’syourreflectionwhenjustreadingthetitle?Writingstyleapieceofexposition–Whatispubtalk?–WhatisKing’sEnglish?conversationheldinthepublichousestandardEnglishWritingstyleThetitle:PubTalkandtheKing’sEnglishThetitleofthispieceisnotveryaptlychosen.Thewriterillustrateshispointbydescribingthecharmingconversationhehadwithsomepeopleoneeveninginapubonthetopic“theKing'sEnglish.Relationship?pubtalkking'sEnglishwhatmakesgoodconversation.Structure•Mainidea:Thewriterresumedtothetopicofhowtomakeagoodconversation.•Mainidea:Whatisandwhatmakesagoodconversation.PartIII:Para.18-21PartII:Para.4-17PartI:Para.1-3•Para.4-11:Thetopic“theking’sEnglish”wasdiscussedunawaresduringapubtalk.GlobalReading•Para.12-17:Studyorreflectionsdoneabouttheking’sorqueen’sEnglish.Deta