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三维校园的开发与设计即全景校园虚拟现实技术的实现陈诚摘要虚拟现实(VirtualReality，简称VR;又译作灵境、幻真)是近年来出现的高新技术，也称灵境技术或人工环境。虚拟现实是利用电脑模拟产生一个三维空间的虚拟世界，提供使用者关于视觉、听觉、触觉等感官的模拟，让使用者如同身历其境一般，可以及时、没有限制地观察三度空间内的事物。VR是一项综合集成技术，涉及计算机图形学、人机交互技术、传感技术、人工智能等领域，它用计算机生成逼真的三维视、听、嗅觉等感觉，使人作为参与者通过适当装置，自然地对虚拟世界进行体验和交互作用。使用者进行位置移动时，电脑可以立即进行复杂的运算，将精确的3D世界影像传回产生临场感。该技术集成了计算机图形(CG)技术、计算机仿真技术、人工智能、传感技术、显示技术、网络并行处理等技术的最新发展成果，是一种由计算机技术辅助生成的高技术模拟系统。以武汉科技大学中南分校环境为虚拟空间,拍摄教学楼、图书馆、体育馆、宿舍区、道路、树木、花园、亭阁等室外场景生成全景图,实现虚拟校园实景漫游,并为用户提供键盘、鼠标等多种控制手段和人机交互方式。而整个技术设计中需要解决的三个问题是：全景图的生成、漫游空间的编辑和浏览器的设计.关键词：虚拟现实;圆鱼眼图像;图像拼接;全景漫游;PV3D;FLASHAS3.0Three-dimensionaldesignanddevelopmentcampusPanoramicVirtualTourtechnologyistherealizationofthecampusChengChenAbstractVirtualReality(VirtualReality,referredtoasVR;theytranslatedspiritualenvironment,fantasyreally)isahigh-techinrecentyears,alsoknownasVirtualRealitytechnologyorartificialenvironment.Virtualrealityistheuseofcomputersimulationtogenerateathreedimensionalvirtualworld,toprovideuserswithregardtovisual,auditory,tactilesimulations,Users,asimmersivegeneral,intime,thereisnolimittoobservethethree-dimensionalthingsinside.VRisacomprehensiveintegratedtechnologyinvolvingcomputergraphics,human-computerinteractiontechnology,sensortechnology,artificialintelligence,itgeneratesarealisticthree-dimensionalcomputervision,hearing,smellandothersenseofpeopleasparticipantsthroughtheappropriatedevicenaturallyonthevirtualworldtoexperienceandinteract.Locationofmobileusers,thecomputercanimmediatelyconductcomplexcalculations,willbeaccurate3Dimagesbacktoproducetheworld'spresence.Thetechnologyintegrationofcomputergraphics(CG)technology,computersimulationtechnology,artificialintelligence,sensortechnology,displaytechnology,networkparallelprocessingtechnology,thelatestdevelopmentresults,isacomputer-aidedgenerationofhigh-techsimulationsystem.TotheWuhanBranchoftheenvironmentforthevirtualspace,filmingteachingbuilding,library,gymnasium,dormitoryareas,roads,trees,gardens,pavilionsandotheroutdoorscenesgeneratedpanorama,virtualschoolVirtualTour,andtoprovideuserswiththekeyboard,mouseandothermeansofcontrolandhuman-computerinteraction.Thetechnicaldesignofthethreeissuesneedtobeaddressedis:panoramageneration,roamingspace,thedesigneditorandbrowser.KeyWords:Virtualreality;circularfisheyeimages;imagemosaic;Panorama;PV3D;FLASHAS3.0目录前言..................................................................................................................................................3第1章虚拟现实技术...............................................................................................................6§1.1虚拟现实技术的概念....................................................................................................6§1.2虚拟现实的特点............................................................................................................61.2.1多感知性（Multi-Sensory）..............................................................................61.2.2浸没感（Immersion）........................................................................................61.2.3交互性（Interactivity）.................................................................................71.2.4构想性（Imagination）.....................................................................................7§1.3虚拟现实的关键技术....................................................................................................71.3.1基于动态环境的建模技术....................................................................................71.3.2应用系统开发工具................................................................................................7§1.4虚拟现实的研究现状....................................................................................................81.4.1国外研究现状........................................................................................................81.4.2中国研究现状........................................................................................................9第2章虚拟校园技术.............................................................................................................10§2.1虚拟校园的基本概念..................................................................................................10§2.2虚拟校园的建模方法..................................................................................................10§2.3全景图的概念..............................................................................................................102.3.1全景图的特点......................................................................................................112.3.2全景图的生成.....................................................................................................11§2.4虚拟校园的优势..........................................................................................................122.4.1直观的了解校园.................................................................................................122.4.2方便学生.............................................................................................................132.4.3有利于招生宣传...........................................................