碳纳米管的纯化

3(100081),25,,3(J1500E002)2003203220,2003207221,,,,PurificationofCarbonNanotubesZhouLiang,LiuJiping3,LiXiaohe(NationalLaboratoryofFlameRetardedMaterials,BeijingInstituteofTechnology,Beijing100081,China)AbstractCarbonnanotubeshavebeensynthesizedbymanydifferentmethods.However,theas2preparedproductsusuallycontainalargeamountofimpurities,suchasamorphous-carbon,carbonnanoparticlesandcatalystparticles,whichdirectlyaffectthepropertytestingandthefutureapplicationsofcarbonnanotubes.Sothepurificationprocessisnecessaryandimportant.Besides,thedifferenceofcarbonnanotubesandtheimpuritiesowingtothedifferentpreparationmethodsmakesthepurificationresearchcomplicated.Inthispaper,recentresultsaddressingrationalandefficientmethodstopurifycarbonnanotubesarediscussed.Andtheirpurificationmechanismsarealsodiscussed.KeywordsCarbonnanotubes,Amorphouscarbon,Purification,Oxidation1991Iijima[1](CNTs),,,,,,,1(CNTs):(SWNTs)(MWNTs),,;,6920042http:öö();,;,22.12.1.1,,,Bandow[2]3%5%SWNTs:,5g3000mL0.1%()(5000römin),d=5080nm15000römin,d50nm,SWNTs,SWNTs40%70%,2.1.2Yamamoto[3],CNTs,,0.4mmCNTs,2.5103Vcm-1,,CNTs,,CNTs510-5cm2V-1S-1CNTs,CNTs2.1.3Bonard[4]CNTs0.5(wt)%(SDS)15min,(5000römin,10min),500nm,,CNTs90%,CNTsBandow[5]SWNTs()CS2,()0.1%,2h,N2(200kPa),,SWNTs90%,Shelimov[6],SWNTs,,,30%70%90%,,,,2.1.4(SizeExclusionChromatography,SEC)79http:öö(),;,,;,,,Duesberg[7]MWNTsSWNTs,NiöY1(wt)%SDS,(U=2.5cm,=45cm),300nm,50mLöh,,,SECCNTs,CNTsFarkas[8](HPLC)SECSWNTsSWNTs,,,,SWNTsHPLC,SWNTs,2.2,,,,(,),,,2.2.1,,,,(1):Sekar[9]CNTs(),,725(120öh,200mLömin),,12hCNTs(2):Sekar[9]50mLömin,20ömin,840,CNTsBandow[2]H2MWNTs50030min,,70%90%,,23nm1530nm10Lm(3)CO2:Tsang[10],850CO2(20mLömin),5h,10(wt)%,,,MWNTs,SWNTs,21.0m2ög31.7m2ögSmith[11]Tubes@riceSWNTs,(CAPTO),O2CO2,CAPTO45,,O2CO28920042http:öö(4)H2S2O2:Jeong[12]3molöLSWNTs,H2S2O2H2S95%,20%50%(5)O2:Mizoguti[13](Ni2Co)SWNTs(20nm)(71011öcm3),0.1(vol)%,1h(1300römin)20min,350(TGA)O2(20kPa)20min,,,(,0.45Lm),SWNTs2.2.2,(1):Ivanov[14]CNTs,40%72h,CNTs,(2):Tsang[15]65%,14045h,2%,CNTs,CNTs,,(3):[16]CNTs,,50(vol)%,50%,140,2h,(4):Colomer[17]38%40%24h(MWNTs),,100mg50mL(526.3mg)(0.5molöL),80,60%,(5):[18],CNTs,;31,,0.5h,Biro[19]CVD(Co)MWNTsHF,KMnO4öH2SO4HNO3öH2SO4,KMnO4öH2SO4,MWNTsSEM,,99http:öööH2SO4,MWNTsS,Si,2.2.3(1):Andrews[20]16003000(CVD)MWNTs,,,,,Park[21]MWNTs,,,760,10min,,40%(2):Ando[22]MWNTs,50030min,HRSEM,(3):[23]1:1(PTFE)(OP),5(wt)%CNTs(),,(2molöL),,500Aöm2,25,CNTs,,,2.2.4,,,,(1):Hou[24]CVDMWNTs:903h,52045min,5molöLFe,15012h,MWNTs94%,50%,,,,,MWNTsFe,FeChen[25]CVD(Ni2Mg2O)MWNTs,3molöL,6024h;,5molöL1206h;,(TGA),510,1hMWNTs96%,Bougrine[26]MERSWNTs,100,80,70045min,6molöL100SWNTs,(2):SWNTsChattopadhyay[27]SWNTs(Tubes@rice)11HF(48%)HNO3(98%),00120042http:öö(SDS),5h,pH=12,10099%11001h,SWNTsEDAX,,HFöHNO3,HF,SWNTs;HNO3SWNTs,,SWNT,SWNT,SWNTsHFöHNO3(3):Kajiura[28]SWNTs,SWNTs,,SWNTs2.8molöLHNO3(6h12h24h,6h,);,,55010min;,(10-3Pa)16003h,SWNTs,;;,,SWNTs20%,SWNT,1(wt)%,2.3,,,,;,,,,,,,,(1):Bae[29]MWNTs31H2SO4öHNO3,24h,MWNTs,MWTNs1.5,MWNTs(2):Unger[30]MWTNsCVDMWNTsSi,,(C96(wt)%,Fe1.2(wt)%,H21.2(wt)%,O21136(wt)%)2molöLNaClKBr,1624h(100mA)MWNTs,,,,,,MWNTs,,MWNTs,,(3):Shi[31](Y2NiCaC22Ni)SWNTsTGASWNTs350,2h(70mLömin),36%101http:öö(4):Huang[32]SWNTs11,70%,,SWNTs200römin,13.3kPa,50SWNTs,,,SWNT(ultrasonicSoxhletextraction),20%(5):Gajewski[33](Ni2Y),SWNTs1ö3,,,:341100(5ömin);:355(10ömin),355(200mLömin,10ömin355,355200min,)Gajewski,A2CSWNTs,SWNTsA2Cg2C,SWNTsg2C(6):Li[34](,)SWNTs,,,,-19610h,1h40%,SWNTs95%,SWNT3,,,,,,,,,[1]SIijima.Nature,1991,354:5658.[2]SBandow,SAsaka,XZhaoetal.Appl.Phys.A,MaterialsScience&Processing,1998,67:2327.[3]KYamamoto,SAkita,YNakayama.Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.,1996,35(7B):917918.[4]JMBonard,TStorn,JPSalvetatetal.Adv.Mater.,1997,9:827831.[5]SBandow,AMRao,KAWilliamsetal.J.Phys.Chem.B,1997,101:88398842.[6]KBShelimov,ROEsenaliev,AGRinzleretal.Chem.Phys.Lett.,1998,282:429434.[7]GSDuesberg,WBlau,HJByrneetal.Synth.Met.,1999,103.24842485.20120042http:öö[8]EFarkas,MEAnderson,ZHChenetal.Chem.Phys.Lett.,2002,363:111116.[9]CSekar,CSubramanian.Vacuum,1997,47(11):12891292.[10]SCTsang.Nature,1993,262:520.[11]MRSmith,SWHedges,RLaCountetal.Carbon,2003,41:12211230.[12]TJeong,WYKim,YBHahn.Chem.Phys.Lett.,2001,344:1822.[13]EMizoguti,FNihey,MYudasakaetal.Chem.Phys.Lett.,2000,321:297301.[14]VIvanov,AFonseca,JBNagyetal.Carbon,1995,33:17271738.[15]SCTsang,YKChen,PJFHarrisetal.Nature,1994,372:159.[16],,.,1999,12:627630.[17]JFColomer,PPiedigrosso,AFonsecaetal.Synth.Met.,1999,103:24822483.[18],,.,1999,30(4):389391.[19]LPBiro,NQKhanh,ZVertesyetal.Mat.Sci.Eng.C,2002,19:913.[20]RAndrews,DJacques,DQianetal.Carbon,2001,39:16811687.[21]YSPark,YCChoi,KSKimetal.Carbon,2001,39:655661.[22]YAndo,XZhao,HKatauraetal.Diam.Relat.Mater.,2000,9:847851.[23],,.,2001,22:446449.[24]PXHou,SBai,QHYangetal.Carbon,2002,40:8185.[25]XHChen,CSChen,QChenetal.Mater.Lett.,2002,57:734738.[26]ABougrine,ANaji,JGhanbajaetal.Synth.Met.,1999,103:248