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IEEETRANSACTIONSONPLASMASCIENCE,VOL.35,NO.4,AUGUST2007933InteractionofaVacuumArcWithanSF6ArcinaHybridCircuitBreakerDuringHigh-CurrentInterruptionRenéPeterPaulSmeets,SeniorMember,IEEE,ViktorKertész,DenisDufournet,Fellow,IEEE,DanPenache,andMartinSchlaugAbstract—Ahybridcircuitbreakerconsistsofaseries-connectedvacuum-andSF6interrupter.Thevacuuminterrupterhasthefunctiontowithstandverysteep-risingtransientrecoveryvoltages,whereastheSF6interrupterisstressedwiththepeakofit.Fullscaletestsaredescribedofa145-kVprototype,whichissubjectedtoshort-linefaultsbasedon63kA.Duringthesetests,currentthroughthebreakerandvoltagesacrossbothinterruptersweremonitoredwithahigh-resolutionmeasurementsystem.Itisshownthattheprincipalideaworkscorrectly.Frommeasuredresults,itisdemonstratedthattheinteractionbetweenthetwoarcsofcompletelydifferentphysicalnaturehasapositiveeffectontheinterruption:Immediatelybeforecurrentzero,theSF6arcassiststhevacuumarctointerrupt,whereasaftercurrentzero,thevacuumarcassiststheSF6arcintherecoveryagainsttherecoveryvoltage.Fromtheanalysisofthemeasurements,itbecomesclearthathighvaluesofpostarccurrent(upto30A)have(atleastinitially)apositiveeffectonthebreakerperformance.Detailedmodelingoftheinteractionofarc–arcandarc–circuitisdescribed,showingagoodagreementwiththemeasuredresults.Themodelisusedtopredictthevoltagedistributionacrossbothinterrupterswhenother(capacitive)voltagegradingisappliedinthedesignthanpresentduringthetests.IndexTerms—Arcmodeling,circuitanalysis,high-frequencymeasurement,high-voltagetechniques,hybridcircuitbreaker,SF6interrupter,short-circuitcurrent,testing,vacuuminterrupter.I.INTRODUCTIONTHEVACUUMinterrupteristhemajorworkhorseforcurrentinterruptionindistributionsystems,whereastheSF6interrupterplaysthisroleintransmissionsystems.Fromaphysicalpointofview,theinterruptionof(fault)currentinvacuumandSF6isbasedonverydifferentprinciples.Byutilizingcertainstrongpointsofbothtechnologies,aspecialtypeofcircuitbreakerisconceived:thehybridcircuitbreaker,inwhichavacuuminterrupterisplacedinserieswithanSF6interrupter.Itsmainfeatureistheexcellentcapabilityofthevacuuminterruptertodealwiththesteep-risingpartofthetransientManuscriptreceivedNovember16,2006;revisedFebruary9,2007.R.P.P.SmeetsandV.KertészarewiththeKEMAT&DTestingServices,6812ARArnhem,TheNetherlands.D.DufournetandD.PenachearewiththeAREVAT&D,69611VilleurbanneCedex–France.M.SchlaugiswiththeAREVAT&D,34965MontpellierCedex2–France.Colorversionsofoneormoreofthefiguresinthispaperareavailableonlineat(TRV)[1],whereastheSF6interrupterisverygoodincopingwiththedielectricstressoriginatingfromthepeakvalueoftheTRV.Bytransferringtheinitialfaultcurrentinterruptiondutytothevacuuminterrupter,thepressureintheSF6chambercanbereduced,allowingasimplifieddesignandreductionofSF6gasusage.Thissimplifieddesignstillhelpsthevacuuminterruptertointerruptsuccessfully.Theoriginofhybridsolutionscanbetracedbackalongtimeagoinsomepatentsfromthe1960s.Therewasarenewedinterestinthismatterfrommid-1970stomid-1980swithpatentapplicationsmadebyseveralmanufacturersinUSAandJapan[2]–[4].However,noneoftheseideasledtoindustrialswitchingdevicesatthattime.Currently,arenewalofinterestinthistechnologyisdrivenbythefollowingfactors.1)Greatprogresshasbeenmadeduringthelastdecadeinvacuumtechnology,particularlyveryhighshort-circuitcurrentinterruptingcapabilitythathasbeenobtainedinbottlesofreducedsize.2)EnvironmentalconcernsonqualifyingSF6asanex-tremelystronggreenhousegashasgivenanewincentivetowardthesearchofsolutionswithalowSF6content.3)Thepossibilityofcombiningthefunctionatlowambienttemperatures(−40◦C)andahighinterruptingcapacitywithoutadditionalcapacitor.4)Theprogressmadeintheselfblast/thermalblasttech-niquesofSF6interruptionthatallowoptimizeddesignofthegaspartoftheinterrupter.Fromatechnicalpointofview,thefollowingconsiderationssupportthechoiceofahybridcircuitbreaker.1)Theshort-linefault(SLF)interruptioncapabilityofSF6interruptersisdifficulttoobtainatlowfillingpressuresofSF6orwhenthesizeoftheSF6chamberissuchthatthenecessarygasblastatcurrentzerocannotbeobtainedbythecombinationofgascompressionandthermaleffect.2)Vacuuminterruptersareknowntowithstandaveryhighrate-of-rise-of-recoveryvoltage(RRRV)duringshort-circuitcurrentinterruption.3)Theratedvoltageperbreakofvacuuminterrupterscannotbeincreasedabove52–72.5kVinaneconomicalway.4)ThewithstandofpeakvaluesofTRVcanbeobtainedwitharelativelylowpressureinSF6interrupters,inanycasemuchlowerthanthatrequiredforthewithstandofRRRVduringSLFinterruption.0093-3813/$25.00©2007IEEE934IEEETRANSACTIONSONPLASMASCIENCE,VOL.35,NO.4,AUGUST2007Fig.1.Testobjectinlaboratory.Theaimofthiscontributionistoprovidedetailedinforma-tionontheinteractionprocessesaroundcurrentzerobetweenthevacuumarc,theSF6arc,andthecircuitryinwhichtheyareembedded.Thisinformationisobtainedfromhigh-resolutionmeasurementofthecurrentandthevoltagesacrosstheinterrupters.II.EXPERIMENTALDETAILSThetestobjectisaprototypedesignedfor145kVand63kA(seeFig.1).Bot