HenryDavidThoreau程春晓&方照群HenryDavidThoreauThoreauin1856BornJuly12,1817Concord,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesDiedMay6,1862(aged44)Concord,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesAlmamaterHarvardCollegeEra19thcenturyRegionWesternphilosophySchoolTranscendentalismWritterEssayistPoetPhilosopherAbolishionistSignatureLifeEarlylifeandeducation,1817–1836July12,1817BornLookingthroughthestarstoseeifIcouldseeGodbehindthem.1833-1837StudyingatHarvardCollegeThoreau'sbirthplace,theWheeler-MinotFarmhouseinConcordHollisHallin1933ReturntoConcord,1836–1842Hesetupaschoolwithhisbrother.1838MakingfriendswithEmerson.CivilDisobedienceandtheWaldenyears,1845–1849WaldenCivilDisobedienceAWeekontheConcordandMerrimackRiversThoreausitesatWaldenPondReconstructionoftheinteriorofThoreau'scabinReplicaofThoreau'scabinandastatueofhimnearWaldenPondLateryears,1851–1862TheMaineWoodsCapeCodSlaveryinMassachusettsAPleaforCaptainJohnBrownDeath,May6,1862GraveofThoreauatSleepyHollowCemeteryinConcordNowcomesgoodsailing.Works(selected)TwoBooks:《康科德和梅里麦克河上的一周》(AWeekontheConcordandMerrimackRivers,1849年)《瓦尔登湖》(Walden,orLifeintheWoods,1854年)12Articles:《论公民的不服从权利》(CivilDisobedience,1849年)《远足》(Excursions,1863年)《缅因森林》(TheMaineWoods,1864年)《科德角》(CapeCod,1865年)《马萨诸赛州的早春》(EarlySpringinMassachusetts,1881年)《夏》(Summer,1884年)《冬》(Winter,1888年)《秋》(Autumn,1892年)3Speeches:《马萨诸赛州的奴隶制度》(SlaveryinMassachusetts,1854年)《为约翰·布朗上校请愿》(APleaforCaptainJohnBrown,1860年)“1845年3月底,我借来一柄斧子,走进瓦尔登湖边的森林里。我开始在离我所选房址最近的地方,砍伐一些高耸入云但尚且年幼的白松做木料。”Content:Thoreaudescribedhisself-sufficientlifeandrecordedhisthoughtsindetailinWalden.Theme:Theimportanceofself-reliance,solitudeandclosenesstonature.Walden徐迟《瓦尔登湖》译序《瓦尔登湖》是本静静的书,极静极静的书,并不是热热闹闹的书。它是一本寂寞的书,一本孤独的书。它只是一本一个人的书。如果你的心没有安静下来,恐怕你很难进入到这本书里去。我要告诉你的是,在你的心静下来以后,你就会思考一些什么。在你思考一些什么问题时,你才有可能和这位享利·戴维·梭罗先生一起,思考一下自己,更思考一下更高的原则。WhenIwrotethefollowingpages,orratherthebulkofthem,Ilivedalone,inthewoods,amilefromanyneighbor,inahousewhichIhadbuiltmyself,ontheshoreofWaldenPond,inConcord,Massachusetts,andearnedmylivingbythelaborofmyhandsonly.Ilivedtheretwoyearsandtwomonths.AtpresentIamasojournerincivilizedlifeagain.当我写如下的文字,确切的说是写者大部分文字的时候,我是一个人住着的。我住在马萨诸塞州的康科德城。那里有一个瓦尔登湖,我的房子就在湖岸的森林里,房子是我亲手建的,方圆一英里内没有任何邻居,仅靠双手养活自己。我在那里住了两年零两个月。目前,我又回到文明社会里暂住。ExtractsSimplicity,simplicity,simplicity.简单,简单,再简单。Ratherthanlove,thanmoney,thanfame,givemetruth.不必给我爱,不必给我钱,不必给我名誉,给我真理吧。Ilovetobealone.Ineverfoundthecompanionthatwassocompanionableassolitude.我爱孤独。我没有碰到比寂寞更好的同伴了。Ifwewakeup,therealmoflifeandthereisnohigherthanbeforegoingtobedmuch,thenthisduringtheday,canalsobecalledduringtheday,norwhattoexcept.如果我们醒来时,生活的境界并没有比睡前高多少,那么这种白天,如果可以称作白天的话,也没有什么可以期待的。Theme:⑴Naturemakeshumanpureandtoleration.⑵Theimportanceofself-reliance,solitude,contemplation,andclosenesstonature.⑶Onecanbesttranscendnormalityandexperiencetheideal,ortheDivine,throughnature.⑷Lonelinessisthebestwaytofeelpeace.MainIdeasIndividualism04Abolitionism02Environmentalism03Transcendentalism01Anarchism...05MainIdeasInfluence:ForAmerican:freedom,democracy,equality,independence.ForWorld:BacktonatureEnrichspirituallifeThankyou!