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绿色物流发展中英文对照外文文献翻译文献信息：文献标题：Thedevelopmentofgreenlogisticsforimplementationsustainabledevelopmentstrategyincompanies（发展绿色物流，实现企业可持续发展战略）国外作者：OksanaSeroka-Stolka文献出处：《Procedia-SocialandBehavioralSciences》2021,151:302-309字数统计：英文2505单词，14890字符；中文4265汉字外文文献：ThedevelopmentofgreenlogisticsforimplementationsustainabledevelopmentstrategyincompaniesAbstractWhileenvironmentalissueshavebecomecriticalconcernsallovertheworld,organizationsareconstantlyunderpressuretodevelopenvironmentallyresponsibleandfriendlyoperations.Commitmenttothenaturalenvironmenthasbecomeanimportantvariable.Therefore,theinterestindevelopinggreenlogisticsfromcompanies,government,andthepublicisincreasingdramaticallyespeciallybecausetraditionallogisticscannotmeettherequirementsofmodernsocietyandhashugeimpactontheenvironment.ThepurposeofthispaperistopresentdeterminantfactorsthatcaninfluencethedevelopmentofgreenlogisticconceptincompaniesasanelementofSustainableDevelopment.Keywords:Greenlogistics,environmentalsustainability,SustainableDevelopment,factors,environmentapractices,company.1.IntroductionInrecentyearstherehasbeenincreasingconcernabouttheenvironmentaleffectsontheplanetofhumanactivity.Thatiswhyithashadabincreasingamountofattentioninthepopularpress,ingovernmentalagendas,intheacademicliteratureandfromthegeneralpublic.Stakeholdersareincreasinglypressuringfirmstoassumeresponsibilityforanynegativeeffectstheirbusinessactivitiesmightcauseaswell.TheresultsarethatfirmsareconsideringtheincorporationofenvironmentalthinkingintotheirbusinessstrategiesinPolishcompanies(Romanowska,2004).Therisingattentiontothegreenersolutionsdoesntleavelogisticsasidebecauseitplaysaveryimportantrole,asitisoneofthemainpollutionsourcesandresourceuser.2.GreenlogisticsandsustainabledevelopmentTypically,logisticsisseenastheactionsofwhichtheobjectiveistominimizecostsandmaximizeprofits.Thetermwasusedmostlyinpurelybusinessareasexhibitingcompaniesandinfinancialreports.But,formanyyears,thetermlogisticswasusedinconjunctionwiththegreenbycreatingGreenLogistics-thetermcontainingcosts,yetdidnotappearonfinancialreportsandontheenvironmentandsociety.Thetermgreenlogisticsisdefinedassupplychainmanagementpracticesandstrategiesthatreducetheenvironmentalandenergyfootprintoffreightdistribution,whichfocusesonmaterialhandling,wastemanagement,packagingandtransport(Rodrigueetal.,2021).Greenlogisticsconsistsofallactivitiesrelatedtotheeco-efficientmanagementoftheforwardandreverseflowsofproductsandinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptionwhosepurposeistomeetorexceedcustomerdemand(Mesjasz-Lech,2021).LeeKlassen(2008)describegreenlogisticsasGreenSupplyChainManagementthatcanbedefinedasanorganizationsactivitytakingintoaccountenvironmentalissuesandintegratingitintosupplychainmanagementinordertochangetheenvironmentalperformanceofsuppliersandcustomers(LeeKlassen,2008).Greenlogisticsactivitiesincludemeasuringtheenvironmentalimpactofdifferentdistributionstrategies,reducingtheenergyusageinlogisticsactivities,reducingwasteandmanagingitstreatment(SibihiEglese,2009).Fromthesustainabledevelopmentpointofview,greenlogisticscanbedefinedas,producinganddistributinggoodsinasustainableway,takingaccountofenvironmentalandsocialfactors(SibihiEglese,2009).ThisbroaddefinitionofgreenlogisticsisinlinewiththeWCED(1987)definitionofsustainabledevelopmentanddefinitionsofcorporateresponsibility(LyonMaxwell,2008).ThethreepillarsofSustainableDevelopmentcanbeappliedtogreenlogistics(seeFigure1).Asmentionedinthedefinitionsofgreenlogisticsbefore,inthepast,companiescoordinatedtheirlogisticsactivitiescomprisingfreighttransport,warehousing,packaging,materialshandlinganddatacollectionandmanagementtomeetcustomerrequirementsatminimumcostwhichjustreferstothemonetaryterms(Nowakowska-Grunt,2008).Now,theenvironmenthasbecomeaconcern.Itistreatedasafactorofthecost.Somecompanieshavealreadytakenexternalcostsoflogisticsassociatedespeciallywiththeenvironmentalissuessuchasclimatechange,pollutionandnoiseintoaccount.Greenlogisticsisthereforedefinedaseffortstoexaminewaysofreducingtheseexternalitiesandachievingamoresustainablebalancebetweenenvironmental,economicandsocialobjectives,(seeFigure1).Alleffortsinthegreenlogisticsareaarethereforefocusedoncontributingtowards,andensuring,sustainability(Hans,2021).conomicFigure1.Greenlogisticsasanelementofsustainabledevelopment.Overthepast40years,GreenLogisticshasrepresentedalotofnaturetrails,themostdistinguishableasfollows:․reductionintransportcosts,․citylogistics,˙corporateenvironmentalstrategiestowardslogistics,˙reverselogistics,˙greensupplychainmanagement.Thegreenlogisticsrepresentsalsothreeperspectives:public(publictoprivate),operational(operationaltostrategic)andlocal(localtoglobal).Thefirstperspectiveofgreenlogisticsrelatestopressuregroupswhichbegantolobbygovernmentinterventiontomitigatethedamagingeffectsoffreightmovementandpublicagenciessoughttoimprovetheirunderstandingoftheproblemandfindmeansofaddressingit.Thepublicsectorinterestinthissubjecthasbeencomplementedbyagrowthintheprivatesectorinvolvementingreen