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J41JB/T54854－1999刀具产品质量分等通则（内部使用）1999-06-09发布2000-01-01实施国家机械工业局发布()I前言1范围····················································································································································································································12引用标准·········································································································································································································13刀具质量分等的基本原则·····································································································································································14刀具产品质量分等考核办法·······························································································································································25产品质量的稳定性检查··········································································································································································36优质产品的寿命复查···············································································································································································47质量标准与不合格分类··········································································································································································48刀具连续批质量的抽样检查·······························································································································································59刀具质量稳定性的抽样检查·······························································································································································7附录A（标准的附录）刀具分等考核质量指标的计算示例·······························································································10附录B（标准的附录）关于刀具质量评定时若干共同性问题的规定··········································································11附录C（标准的附录）刀具寿命试验产品单元、规格段及有效期···············································································13附录D（标准的附录）关于寿命试验样本大小的统一说明·······························································································15附录E（提示的附录）抽样汇总表····················································································································································16附录F（标准的附录）常用计数抽样方案摘录··························································································································18JB/T54854－1999目次()II前言本标准是对JB/T54854—93《刀具产品质量分等通则》和JB/T54610—93《刀具抽查验收方法》的合并及修订。本标准与JB/T54854—93和JBT54610—93的技术内容基本一致，仅按有关规定重新进行了编辑。本标准自实施之日起代替JB/T54854—93和JB/T54610—93。本标准的附录A、附录B、附录C、附录D、附录F都是标准的附录。本标准的附录E是提示的附录。本标准由全国刀具标准化技术委员会提出并归口。本标准负责起草单位：成都工具研究所。JB/T54854－199911范围本标准规定了刀具质量分等的指导原则和评定方法及成批生产的各种标准刀具的抽样验收方法。本标准适用于成批生产的刀具产品质量水平的分等评定。本标准是现行刀具标准的补充和发展，是产品质量考核、分等定级的依据，也是主管部门考核企业质量、行业监督检查及企业质量抽查的依据。对连续批产品的质量检查，按GB/T2828—1987《逐批检查计数抽样程序及抽样表（适用于连续批的检查）》规定的抽样方案，适用于制造厂在生产过程中产品包装入库前的批检查验收。也适用于大批订货用户的逐批检查验收。对产品生产过程稳定性周期检查，按GB/T2829—1987《周期检查计数抽样程序及抽样表（适用于生产过程稳定性的检查）》规定的抽样方案，适用于制造厂质量监督部门对产品质量的周期检查（按月、季等）和各级主管部门（或委托的质量监督机构）对工厂产品质量的周期检查或不定期抽查。本标准采用的符号和术语，除另有说明外，均按GB/T2828和GB/T2829规定。2引用标准下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准昀新版本的可能性。GB/T2828—1987逐批检查计数抽样程序及抽样表（适用于连续批的检查）GB/T2829—1987周期检查计数抽样程序及抽样表（适用于生产过程稳定性的检查）JB/T54901—1999硬质合金刀片产品质量分等3刀具质量分等的基本原则3.1质量分等基础刀具的基本参数及技术要求应符合现行国家标准或行业标准或经上级主管部门认可的企业标准的规定。作为质量分等的基础，这些标准的水平应与现行国际标准或商定的国外先进标准相当。现行标准水平尚低于国际标准或国外先进标准的产品，一律按合格品考核出厂。对有现行国家标准或行业标准的刀具，未制定行业质量分等标准的，或个别企业制定了达到国际标准水平的企业标准（经水平评价），可根据本标准的原则，自行拟定分等标准，报本标准归口单位认可，经主管部门批准后执行。3.2质量分等根据各企业在执行统一的技术标准并达到其规定的前提下，由于在生产过程中各种因素的影响，使刀具的整批质量存在差别，这种差别是产品质量分等评定的根据。3.3质量分等方法国家机械工业局1999-06-09批准中华人民共和国机械行业标准刀具产品质量分等通则（内部使用）JB/T54854－1999代替JB/T54854—93JB/T54610—932000-01-01实施JB/T54854－19992鉴于刀具属于成批或大批生产类型，对成品质量一般逐批或周期进行抽样检查，不做逐件检查。所以，质量分等评定均以品种为单位逐批进行，不做单件质量考核，品种质量等级的考核方法如下：对成批生产的某品种刀具，其各类（组）不合格（除寿命外）均应按第8章规定的程序实行计数抽样检验。对优等品、一等品、合格品分别规定不同的合格质量水平AQL值。寿命指标应按各刀具质量分等中规定的样本数和试验方法进行试验和评定。对优等品和一等品（合格品不进行寿命试验）分别规定不同的平均寿命指标和变异系数。4刀具产品质量分等考核办法4.1逐批入库验收检查批量生产的刀具产品，成批入库前均应按技术标准和分等标准规定要求的全部指标，由企业质检部门负责按第8章规定的程序进行计数抽样检查，抽样检查合格后才准予入库，并应作出原始记录。第8章规定的检查程序，适用于各种批量生产的刀具产品，各企业必须严格贯彻执行。即使在工序上进行了全数检查的刀具也不能代替入库前按质量分等的逐批抽样检验。成品抽样检查，是入库前对产品质量进行的一种全面监督考核。其结论是正确评估出厂产品质量的原始依据。不得用工序检查代替。每批产品按其质量等级实施抽样检查后，只能对该批产品作出接收或拒收的结论。对产品质量等级的评定，需要累积若干批数据，按4.2规定的方法进行。4.2成批产品（按品种）质量等级的评定4.2.1生产过程平均不合格率（简称过程平均）的确定工厂检查部门按月统计成品计数抽样检验的结果，并按式（1）计算全部（包括拒收批的数据）抽查样本的平均不合格率Pˆ，作为生产过程平均不合格率P的估计值。过程平均估计值Pˆ是工具行业衡量工厂产品质量水平的统一指标。mmnnndddndP+++++==∑∑ΚΚΚΚ2121ˆ·····································(1)式中：Pˆ——样品平均不合格率，作为过程平均P的估计值；d1…dm——各个样本中检查出的不合格品数；n1…nm——各个抽样检查中的样本大小；m——当月检查批数（指作为考核单位的同一品种）。过程平均的估计值Pˆ，应按产品的不合格分类和分组分别计算。例如：麻花钻B类不合格有三组检查项目，C类不合格有一组检查项目，共需计算四组Pˆ值。B类不合格各组Pˆ值以下脚标区分，如：1ˆP、2ˆP、3ˆP等，C类不合格以0ˆP表示。4.2.2质量等级的评定按逐批检查结果计算得出的各Pˆ值，分别和产品各组不合格的AQL指定值比较，符合哪一等级的即评为该等级品。各组Pˆ符合不同等级时，按质量昀低的组确定等级[计算举例及说明见附录A（标准的附录）]。4.2.3出厂平均不合格率（简称出厂平均）的确定上述过程平均估计值Pˆ，代表企业实际生产水平，是评定产品质量等级的依据，计算Pˆ