西安电子科技大学射频微波电路实验

射频电路实验射频电路实验西安电子科技大学电工电子实验教学中心1TOPIC1TOPIC12系统简介射频前端收发机3RFBPFPreAMPIFBPFRFBPFLNAIFBPFIFAMPDown-MixerRxANTPowerSplitterCouplerTxANTPAUp-MixerIFAMPBaseProcessorUnit(BPU)GainControllerPADPADPLLVCO4射频铁三角FrequencyPowerImpedanceImpedanceTransformersMatchingNetworksAntennaFilters(LPF,BPF,…)OscillatorsVoltage-controlledOscillator(VCO)Freq.Doublers/Multipliers/DividersMixers(FrequencyConverter)Attenuators(PADs)PowerSplittersCouplersAmplifiers(SSA,LNA,PA)Scalar/VectorNetworkAnalyzerPowerMeterFrequencyCounterImpedanceAnalyzerSpectrumAnalyzer5射频训练教学五大要素设计理论设计方法电路模拟布线制板电路测量教材规划设计工具模拟软件布线软件刻板机测试设备6五大要素解决方案設計理論设计方法电路模拟布线制板电路测量射频微波电路导论MathCAD®Serenade®PowerPCBMITS刻板机RF2000MOTECH•包含十二个设计单元•电路设计公式•*.mcdfiles•TRL•CAD-MsANT•RFGuide•WinSmith•电路设计举例•AnSoft_SV•布线软件•教学课程•S11/S21测量功能•功率测量功能•频率测量功能•PC连线功能•18个电路模组•传输线理论•匹配理论•功率衰减器•功率分配器•定向耦合器•滤波器•放大器•振荡器•压控振荡器•微带天线•射频发射机•射频接收机十二设计方案7Topic1传输线理论Topic2阻抗匹配Topic3功率衰减器Topic4功率分配器Topic5耦合器Topic6滤波器Topic7放大器Topic8振荡器Topic9压控振荡器Topic10倍频器Topic11混频器Topic12天线Topic13射频发射机Topic14射频接收机TOPIC2TOPIC28教材内容简介传输线理论1confineEandHfieldsbetweensignallineandgroundPoyntingFactorP=ExHGuidedmodesofEMwaves:TEMTETM9Propagationconstant（γ）andcharacteristicimpedance（Zo）:EquivalentCircuitofatransmissionline:LRGCR,L,G,C:forunitlengthdVdzRjLIdIdzGjCVdVdzRjLGjCVVRjLGjCZVIRjLGjCo=−+=−+=++==±++==++()()()()()()(),/()/()ωωωωγγωωωω(2)from(1),(2),ΛΛ122210传输线理论2常用反射损耗（RL）&电压驻波比（VSWR）对照表VSWR|Γ|ReturnLoss(dB)ReflectionPower(%)TransmissionPower(%)TransmissionLoss(dB)1.00.0000infinite0.000100.000.0001.10.047626.450.22799.7730.0101.20.090920.830.82699.1740.0361.22200.199.91.30.130417.701.70098.3000.0741.40.166715.562.77997.2210.1221.43151.50.200013.984.00096.0000.1771.90.310310.169.62990.3710.4401.921010902.00.33339.5411.1188.890.511infinite101000传输线特性311常见传输线结构图同轴线（coaxialcable）带线（stripline）微带线（microstrip）狭缝传输线（slotline）平面波导（coplanarwaveguide）微带线（suspendedmicrostrip）方形波导（rectangularwaveguide）圆波导（cylindricalwaveguide）翼片波导（finline）介质波导（dielectricwaveguide）光纤（opticalfiber)传输线理论412SmithChart113|Γ|∠θΓiΓr+jx-jxr11++−+=+−=ΓjxrjxrZZZZoLoLΓ−Γ+==+=11oLZZjxrzConstantRe[ZL]circlesConstantIm[ZL]circlescomplexΓplane1-1j-j|Γ|=1SmithChart2141.051.05Γri0θ,()Γri0.5θ,()Γri1θ,()Γri2θ,()Γxi2θ,()Γxi1θ,()Γxi0.5θ,()Γxi0.5θ,()Γxi1θ,()Γxi2θ,()Γr0.1θ,()Γr0.5θ,()1.051.05Γrr0θ,()Γrr0.5θ,(),Γrr1θ,(),Γrr2θ,(),Γxr2θ,(),Γxr1θ,(),Γxr0.5θ,(),Γxr0.5θ,(),Γxr1θ,(),Γxr2θ,(),Γi0.1θ,(),Γi0.5θ,(),SmithChartSmithChart3+jx-jxr=0r=1r=0.5r=2r=∞x=-1x=-2x=-0.5x=1x=0.5x=2|Γ|=0.5|Γ|=0.1|Γ|=1SmithChart4++jxjx--jxjx++jbjb--jbjbr=0g=∞r=∞g=0SmithChart5ZsZLSmithChart6Zo=50Zo=75ZLZs2-PortNetworka1a2222121221211112221212212111122212122121111IzIzVIzIzVVyVyIVyVyIVhIhIVhIhV+=+=+=+=+=+=2-PortNetworkI1V1I2V2ZLb2b2ZsVg2212211122212122121111log20log20log20/log20SORLSIsolationSLossGainSIRLaSaSbaSaSb====+=+=H参数Y参数Z参数S参数NetworkParametersfor2-portNetwork图(a)：输入输出功率关系图图(b)：输出功率与阻抗比例关系图RsRLVsVoutinoutSSinSLLLSSLPkkPRVPRkRRRRVRIPout⋅+=⇒=⋅=⋅+=⋅=22222)1()(Poutk()k00.250.50.751ratioofRLtoRs(k=RL/Rs)OutputPowerMatchingTheory1ZsVsZSZLPoutZL当ZL=ZS*，即是「匹配」(Matched)广义「阻抗匹配」关系图MatchingTheory2MatchingNetworkDesign1RSVsRSRLPoutRLXLXS圖2-2(b)L型匹配电路（RsRL）RsVsRSRLPoutRLXsXL圖2-2(a)L型匹配电路（RsRL）QS=Xs/RsQL=RL/XL1−==SLLSRRQQLLLSSSQRXRQX=⋅=,LLLSSSRQXQRX⋅==,1−==LSLSRRQQMatchingNetworkDesign2图2-2(c)Ls-Cp低通式L型匹配电路图2-2(d)Cs-Lp高通式L型匹配电路图2-2(e)Cp-Ls低通式L型匹配电路图2-2(f)Lp-Cs高通式L型匹配电路LCPCSSXfCfXL⋅==ππ21,2CLPSCSfXLXfCππ2,21=⋅=CLSSCPfXLXfCππ2,21=⋅=LCSCSPXfCfXL⋅==ππ21,2MatchingNetworkDesign3RSVsRSRLPoutRLXS1XP1图2-3(a)T型匹配电路XP2XS2RQRXRQXQRRPSSsmall=⋅=+⋅=112,,)1(LSPLRQXQRXRRQ⋅==−=22222,,1XfCfXLCC⋅==ππ21,2Rsmall=MIN(RS，RL)MatchingNetworkDesign4RSVsRSRLPoutRLXS1XP1图2-4(a)Π型匹配电路XP2XS2RRH=MAX(RS，RL)RQXQRXQRRSLPH⋅==+=222,,1RQXQRXRRQSSPS⋅==−=11111,,1XfCfXLCC⋅==ππ21,2MatchingNetworkDesign5设计一个工作中心频率400MHz，频宽40MHz的50-75Ω之T型阻抗匹配器。（Rs=50Ω，RL=75Ω）505,500,5050)1(112===⋅==+⋅=QRXRQXQRRPSSsmall8.610620,145.8122222=⋅====−=LSPLRQXQRXRRQpFXfCnHfXLPCPCSS79.021,9.19821111=⋅===ππpFXfCnHfXLPCPCSS64.021,24322212=⋅===ππAttenuator(Pad)1(a)「T型」功率衰减器；(b)「Π型」功率衰减器(a)(b)Z1Z2RS1RS2RpRSRp2pRp1Z1Z2（a）「T型同阻抗式」(Z1=Z2=Zo)ZoZZ==21，1121121010+−⋅==−⋅==αααααZoRsRsZoRpA（b）「Π型同阻抗式」1121211010−+⋅==⋅−==αααααZoRpRpZoRsAT-typePi-typeAttnRsRpRpRs3dB9433292186dB17671304510dB2635967115dB35187213620dB411061248PowerSplitters1Port-3Port-1ZoZoZoPort-2P1P2P3Port-2P1P2P3Port-1Port-3Zo/3Zo/3Zo/3(a)「∆型电阻式」等功率分接器；(b)「Υ型电阻式」等功率分接器(a)(b)优点为：频带宽、布线面积小、及设计简单，而缺点是功率衰减大（6dB）。PowerSplitters1Port-1P1P3Port-3Port-2P2LsLsCpCpZo(a)low-passPort-1P1Port-2P2P3Port-3CsCsLpLpZo(b)high-pass图4-2(a)「低通L-C式」等功率分接器(b)「高通L-C式」等功率分接器PowerSplitters2Port-1P1Port-2P2P3Port-32xZo√2xZo√2xZoλ/4P2=P3=P1-3dBZo：特性阻抗λ：输入信号波长图4-3(a)「微尔金生型」等功率分接器WilkinsonPowerSplitters2-1WilkinsonPowerSplitters2-2WilkinsonPowerSplitters2-3WilkinsonPowerSplitters2-4WilkinsonPowerSplitters2-5WilkinsonPowerSplitters2-6PowerSplitters3ZsZsZpZpZoZoZoZoZoPort-1P1P3Port-3Port-1P2λ/4λ/4设计公式：图4-3(b)「叉路线型」等功率分接器OOPOOSCZKKZZZKZZKdBC=−⋅==−⋅===−=−1215.010310PowerSplitters4图4-4(b)「威尔金生型耦合线」比例功率分接器ZoZoZoZ1Z3Z5Z4Z2Rλ/4λ/4λ/4PinP2P3设计公式：()()⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+===⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+=