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ICS21.200J17JB/T8831－2001工业闭式齿轮的润滑油选用方法Methodsforoilselectionofindustrialenclosedgears2001-05-23发布2001-10-01实施中国机械工业联合会发布()I前言1范围·················································································································································································································12引用标准·······································································································································································································13主要代号·········································································································································································································24工业闭式齿轮润滑油的分类及其使用要求································································································································35润滑油种类的选择····················································································································································································56润滑油黏度的选择····················································································································································································77润滑方式的选择··························································································································································································88润滑油的保养·······························································································································································································8附录A（标准的附录）工业闭式齿轮油质量指标·················································································································10附录B（标准的附录）高速齿轮润滑油质量指标·················································································································13附录C（提示的附录）工业用润滑油黏度牌号分类及各黏度牌号在不同黏度指数和不同温度时的运动黏度·····················································································································································16JB/T8831－2001目次()III前言本标准是参照采用美国齿轮制造者协会标准ANSI/AGMA9005–D94《工业齿轮的润滑》,对JB/T8831—1999《工业齿轮润滑油选用方法》的修订。本标准与JB/T8831—1999相比，主要在下列几个方面作了修改：1.增加了齿轮节圆圆周速度不超过80m/s的高速齿轮的选油方法，包括高速齿轮润滑油的分类和选择方法。2.考虑到圆弧齿轮在我国得到了成功的应用，将圆弧齿轮传动的润滑包括在本标准的适用范围内。3.在工业闭式齿轮润滑油的使用要求中，增加了环境温度、低温工业齿轮油及冷却等条款。4.JB/T8831—1999中润滑油的黏度是根据力–速度因子来选择的。这主要是基于当时极压工业齿轮油的工业应用很少。从润滑机理上讲，润滑油的黏度起主要作用。因此，负荷大的齿轮传动就应该选择较高黏度的润滑油。再加上各项黏度修正条款，使得一些情况下所选润滑油的黏度明显偏高。另外，JB/T8831—1999中的黏度选择方法计算复杂，还要查曲线图确定油品黏度，再加上各项修正条款，使用起来很不方便。随着添加剂种类和性能的不断提高，添加剂的复配技术不断更新、成熟，中高档齿轮润滑油得到了普遍的应用。齿轮油的承载能力已不是主要取决于黏度，而主要是取决于添加剂的种类和含量。因此，JB/T8831—1999中按力–速度因子选择润滑油的黏度已不符合当前润滑油技术的现状和发展方向。决定润滑油黏度等级的因素主要是齿轮节圆圆周速度和环境温度两个参数。因此修订后的JB/T8831参照ANSI/AGMA9005–D94的有关规定，改用根据低速级齿轮节圆圆周速度和环境温度两个参数选择工业闭式齿轮油的黏度等级。该黏度等级选择方法利用查表法，简单明确、实用，给推广应用工作带来很大方便。5.在润滑油的保养一章中，增加了工业闭式齿轮油和汽轮机油的换油指标等条款。6.在附录中增加了汽轮机油质量指标要求。本标准于1989年以ZBJ17003—89首次发布，于1999年4月标准号调整为JB/T8831—1999，本次是第一次修订。本标准自实施之日起代替JB/T8831—1999。本标准的附录A、附录B是标准的附录，附录C是提示的附录。本标准由全国齿轮标准化技术委员会提出并归口。本标准负责起草单位：郑州机械研究所。本标准主要起草人：戚文正、吴晓铃、张继山、顾晓宏。JB/T8831－200111范围本标准规定了工业闭式齿轮的润滑油选用方法，包括选择润滑油的种类、黏度以及润滑方式。本标准适用于具有如下齿轮类型的工业闭式齿轮传动的润滑：包括渐开线圆柱齿轮、圆弧圆柱齿轮及锥齿轮，其转速应低于3600r/min或节圆圆周速度不超过80m/s。本标准不适用于车辆、钟表、仪器仪表及食品、医药行业有特殊要求的齿轮传动的润滑。2引用标准下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准昀新版本的可能性。GB/T260—1988石油产品水分测定法GB/T264—1983石油产品酸值测定法GB/T265—1988石油产品运动黏度测定法GB/T267—1988石油产品闪点与燃点测定法（开口杯法）GB/T508—1988石油产品灰分测定法GB/T511—1988石油产品和添加剂机械杂质测定法（重量法）GB/T1884—1992石油和液体石油产品密度测定法（密度计法）GB/T1995—1998石油产品黏度指数计算法GB/T2541—1981石油产品黏度指数算表GB/T3141—1994工业液体润滑剂ISO黏度分类GB/T3142—1982润滑剂承载能力测定法（四球法）GB/T3480—1997渐开线圆柱齿轮承载能力计算方法GB/T3535—1983石油倾点测定法GB/T3536—1983石油产品闪点和燃点测定法（克利夫兰开口杯法）GB/T4945—1985石油产品和润滑剂中和值测定法（颜色指示剂法）GB/T5096—1985石油产品铜片腐蚀试验法GB5903—1995工业闭式齿轮油GB/T7305—1987石油和合成液抗乳化性能测定法GB/T7631.7—1995润滑剂和有关产品（L类）的分类第7部分：C组（齿轮）GB/T8022—1987润滑油抗乳化性能测定法GB/T10062—1988锥齿轮承载能力计算方法中国机械工业联合会2001-05-23批准中华人民共和国机械行业标准工业闭式齿轮的润滑油选用方法MethodsforoilselectionofindustrialenclosedgearsJB/T8831－2001代替JB/T8831—19992001-10-01实施JB/T8831－20012GB11120—1989L–TSA汽轮机油（防锈汽轮机油）GB/T11143—1990加抑制剂矿物油在水存在下防锈性能试验法GB/T11144—1990润滑油极压性能测定法（梯姆肯试验机法）GB/T12579—1990润滑油泡沫特性测定法GB/T12581—1990加抑制剂矿物油的氧化特性测定法GB/T13799—1992双圆弧圆柱齿轮承载能力计算方法SH/T0024—1990润滑油沉淀值测定法SH/T0123—1992极压润滑油氧化性能测定法SH/T0137—1992抗氨汽轮机油换油指标SH/T0189—1992润滑油抗磨损性能测定法（四球机法）SH/T0193—1992润滑油氧化安定性测定法（旋转氧弹法）SH/T0200—1992含聚合物润滑油剪切安定性测定法（齿轮机法）SH/T0209—1992液压油热稳定性测定法SH/T0302—1992抗氨汽轮机油抗氨性能试验法SH/T0306—1992润滑剂承载能力测定法（CL–100齿轮机法）SH/T0308—1992润滑油空气释放值测定法SH0362—1996抗氨汽轮机油SH/T0586—1994L–CKC工业闭式齿轮油换油指标SH/T0636—1996L–TSA汽轮机油换油指标3主要代号本标准的主要代号及其意义和单位见表1。表1主要代号代号意义单位b工作齿宽mmbeH锥齿轮接触强度计算的有效齿宽mmd1小齿轮的分度圆直径mmdw1小齿轮的节圆直径mmdv1锥齿轮小轮当量圆柱齿轮分度圆直径mmFt端面内分度圆周上的名义切向力NFmt锥齿轮齿宽中点分度圆上的名义切向力NKA使用系数KV动载系数KHα接触强度计算的齿间载荷分配系数KHβ接触强度计算的齿向载荷分布系数K1圆弧齿轮接触迹间分配系数KH2圆弧齿轮接触强度计算的接触迹内载荷分布系数JB/T8831－20013表1（完）代号意义单位K∆ε圆弧齿轮接触迹系数ZH节点区域系数ZE弹性系数2mm/NZε接触强度计算的重合度系数Zβ接触强度计算的螺旋角系数ZK锥齿轮接触强度计算的锥齿轮系数Zu圆弧齿轮接触强度计算的齿数