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1EvaluationWarning:ThedocumentwascreatedwithSpire.Docfor.NET.课时跟踪练(三)Lesson2&Lesson3—Pre-readingⅠ.阅读理解ASinceanimalsthinkinpictures,onecan“talk”tothemwithoutwords.Forexample,therearehandsignalsthatconveyeverythingfrom“sit”to“I'llbebacksoon.”Indoglanguage,beingpetted(抚摸)ontopoftheheadbyastrangerisanaggressiveact.Tryamorecalmapproach;crouchdown(蹲下)orstandwithyoursideturnedtothedog,don'tmakeeyecontactforverylong,keepwordstoawhisperandwaitforthedogtoapproachyou.Thenpetthesideclosesttoyou.Neverreachoveradog.Ifyoudecidetotouchadog'shead,itismuchnicertogoforthesideofthefaceorunderthechin.Calmingsignalsareusedinmostdogtodoginteractionstoavoidorendconflict.Ifweunderstandtheseoftengestures,wehaveabetterchanceofbeingsympatheticandlivinginharmonywithdogs.Hasyourdogeveryawned(打哈欠),andyouthoughthewastired？Well,yawningisgenerallyacalmingsignal.Thedogistryingtotellanotherdogorhisownerthatthemomentistoointense—forexample,whenweplayortraintoohardwithourdogsandeveryoneneedsabreak.Herearesomeothercommoncalmingsignals：Turningtheheadtoavoideyecontactwhenmeeting.Thisislikesaying，“Nothingtoworryabouthere.”Noselicking,scratchingorrefusaltolookinyourdirection.Theseareoftenusedtoletpeopleknowtheyarepets,playingortrainingtoointensely.Takeabreakorchangeyourapproach.Hiporbuttbumps.Thesesay,“Ilikeandtrustyou，”or“Wouldyoumindscratchingmyback？”Cockingheadfromsidetoside.Dogsmaydothiswhentheyhearastrangenoiseorwhenyoutrytotellthemastory.Itmeanssomethinglike,“I'mnotquitesureIunderstand.”语篇解读：本文是说明文。人与人之间通常用语言进行交流，但动物之间的交流主要是非语言的。文章主要介绍了狗的一些肢体语言。21．WhichofthefollowingisNOTanaggressiveactindoglanguage?A．Reachingoveradog.B．Makingeyecontactforverylong.C．Astranger'spettingontopofthehead.D．Touchingthesideofadog'sfaceorunderthechin.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，抚摸狗的侧脸或者下巴下面的部位是恰当的，对狗来说不是侵犯性的举动。2．Calmingsignalsamongdogscan________.A．helpavoidorendconflictB．makedogssympathetictoeachotherC．helpdogsunderstanddifferentgesturesD．helpdogsmakefriendswithotherdogs解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，在狗与狗的交流中，calmingsignals主要用来避免或终止冲突。3．Whenadogyawns,it________.A．feelsrelaxedB．wantstoplayC．needsabreakD．wantstosleep解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，狗打哈欠时想传达的信息是：它需要休息一下。4．Whatwillyourdogdoifitdoesn'tknowwhatyouwanttoexpress?A．Bumpitshiporbutt.B．Cockitsheadfromsidetoside.C．Refusetolookinyourdirection.D．Turntheheadtoavoideyecontact.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，当狗没有明白别人的意思时，它会仰着头左右晃动。BIntheearly1970s,DavidMcNeill,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,wasgivingatalkinaParislecturehallwhensomethingqueercaughthiseye.Therewasawomaninthebackoftheroommovingherarmsinawaythatseemedtoconveyexactlywhathewassaying.Ittookhimamomenttorealizethatshewasspeaking,too,andanothertorealizethatshewasaninterpreter,translatinghiswordsintoFrench.ForMcNeill,thatmomentofconfusionmadehim3realizethatgestureandspeecharenotasseparateastheyseem.Gestureresearchershavespentthepast40yearsuncoveringhowmovementsaretiedtospeech.Regardlessoftheirspokenlanguageorculture,humansgesturewhentheytalk.Theygestureeveniftheyhaveneverseengesturesbefore—peoplewhohavebeenblindsincebirthdoit—andtheygestureevenifthey'retalkingtosomeoneonthephoneandknownoonecanseethem.Whenspeechisinterrupted,soisgesture.Infact,gestureissotightlyboundtolanguagethatdifferencesbetweenlanguagesshowupasdifferencesingesture.Inotherwords,thewayyoupackageyourthoughtsintospeechisalsohowyoupackagethemintomovement.Researchersareespeciallyinterestedinthetimeswhengesturesdon'tmatchspeech.Themismatchcanbeavaluablewindowtowhat'sgoingoninthemind.Forexample,untilabout7yearsofage,childrendon'tunderstandthatifyoupouratallglassofwaterintoashorter,widerglass,theamountofwaterstaysthesame.Theythinktheshorterglasscontainslesswater.Whenaskedtoexplaintheirreasoning,somechildrenwillsay,“Thisoneisshorter，”whilegesturingthattheglassiswider.Thatdiscrepancy(矛盾)showstheysubconsciouslygraspthatbothdimensionsareimportant.Whenwespeak,weputourthoughtsintowords,andwhenwegesture,weputourthoughtsintoourhands.Butgesturesdon'tjustshowwhatwe'rethinking—theyactuallyhelpusthink.Toddlers(初学走路的孩子)whoareencouragedtogesturetendtostartproducingmorewords.Adultsinvolvedinvariousproblemsolvingtasksdobetterwhentheyareencouragedtogesture.Puttingideasintomotionsbringsusclosertograspingwhatweneedtograsp.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章解释了人们说话时为什么会做手势。5．Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“queer”inParagraph1?A．Strange.B．Terrible.C．Boring.D．Funny.解析：选A词义猜测题。由下文那位女士做手势、讲话、翻译的情节及段末的“thatmomentofconfusion”可推断，那位女士的表现很奇怪。6．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Newbornbabiesdon'tgesture.B．Gestureandlanguagearecloselyrelated.C．Babieslearntogesturefromtheirparents.D．Peoplegesturewhentheytalkfacetoface.4解析：选B段落大意题。由第二段中的“howmovementsaretiedtospeech”及“gestureissotightlyboundtolanguagethat”以及所举例子可推断，本段主要是说手势和语言是紧密联系的。7．Throughkids'gesturesintheexampleofglasses,researchersknow________.A．kidsoftenignoreglasses'shapesB．kidsunder7arenotgoodatgesturingC．kidsprefertallerglassestoshorteronesD．kidscanrealizetheimportanceofglasses'widths解析：选D细节理解题。由第三段末的“whilegesturingthattheglassiswider...bothdimensionsareimportant”可知，通过孩子们的手势可以知道他们能够意识到玻璃容器宽度的重要性。8．Gesturingm