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1EvaluationWarning:ThedocumentwascreatedwithSpire.Docfor.NET.课时阅读训练三Period3Grammar语法专题课构词法（转换和派生）Ⅰ.阅读理解AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“It’sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件),”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthem2toansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwithanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonaday-to-daybasis.”【语篇概述】本文介绍了“RoboticFly”,它能像真的苍蝇一样自然飞行,小小的翅膀能让它停在空中,表演各种飞行任务。1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theroboticflyis__________.A.largerthanafathouseflyB.aslargeasafathouseflyC.smallerthanafathouseflyD.aslargeasabutterfly【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.可知B正确。2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly__________.A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystemB.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttimeC.cancollectinformationfrommanysourcesD.hasbeenputintowideapplication【解析】选B。推理判断题。题干要求从第三段和第四段推测,所以根据文章内容“butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.故选项A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystem是片面的,排除;根据第四段sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.可知选项C中的frommanysources应为frommanysites/places,故排除;选项D.hasbeenputintowideapplication的定位在第五段Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.可知已经大量应用是错误的,故排除。纵观三、四两段,尤其是第四段尾句“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.可推断出只有B.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttime正确。3.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?3A.Theroboticflyisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.D.Wood’sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章末段的tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwithanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead告诉我们这些机器人可以替代动物,故D正确。考生需注意的是,说明文末段尤其带有转折关系的词往往是题眼所在。根据第四段sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.可知A错误,故排除。文章最后一段中指出“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwithanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.并没有说:不允许拿动物进行生物实验,故排除B选项。根据文章最后一段Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.及“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonaday-to-daybasis.”可知以后会有更多的问题等待我们去探索,但并不是说过去在研究昆虫飞行方面常常方法很少,故排除C项。4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.FatherofRoboticFlyB.InspirationfromEngineeringScienceC.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsectD.Harvard’sBreakthroughinInsectStudy【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本题考查考生理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。选择最佳标题,一般来说,考生只有通篇理解文章传递的信息,才可能概括出文章的最佳标题。对比四个选项,A选项意为“机器人苍蝇之父”,文章的主题主要说明“机器人苍蝇”,故排除。B选项“来自工程学中的灵感”与文章的主题“机器人苍蝇”关系不大,故排除。D选项“哈佛大学在昆虫研究领域的突破”,并没有点明主题“机器人苍蝇”,故排除。C选项既交待了“RoboticFly”又讲了与真实生活中昆虫的关系,所以正确答案为C。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)4Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears1.(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong2.(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof3.(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit4.(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife5.walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin20146.showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall7.(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise