JBT 50103-1998 通用桥式起重机 可靠性考核评定规范

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ICS53.020.20J80JB/T50103-1998通用桥式起重机可靠性考核评定试验规范(内部使用)1998-03-19发布1998-07-01实施中华人民共和国机械工业部发布I前言1范围····················································································································································································································12引用标准·········································································································································································································13可靠性考核指标··························································································································································································14故障分类与判据··························································································································································································25抽样方法·········································································································································································································36试验方法·········································································································································································································37可靠性评定····································································································································································································4附录A(标准的附录)通用桥式起重机故障模式与分类表·································································································5附录B(标准的附录)试验记录表格··············································································································································12JB/T50103-1998目次II前言本标准为通用桥式起重机规定了可靠性指标,并确定了可靠性考核评定试验的具体内容与方法。本标准可作为GB/T14405—93《通用桥式起重机》内容的扩充,增加对通用桥式起重机可靠性的要求。本标准只供起重机生产厂对批量产品进行可靠性考核评定试验使用,不能作为对某一台起重机的验收标准。本标准的附录A、附录B都是标准的附录。本标准由机械工业部北京起重运输机械研究所提出并归口。本标准负责起草单位:机械工业部北京起重运输机械研究所。本标准主要起草人:须雷。本标准系首次发布。JB/T50103-199811范围本标准规定了通用桥式起重机可靠性考核评定指标、故障分类与判据、试验方法和考核结果评定等内容。本标准适用于批量生产的通用桥式起重机。其他桥式起重机亦可参照使用。2引用标准下列标准所包含的条文,通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时,所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订,使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。GB/T3187—94可靠性、维修性名词术语GB5080.1—86设备可靠性试验总要求GB/T14405—93通用桥式起重机JB/T7518—94机电产品可靠性评定导则3可靠性考核指标3.1平均首次无故障工作时间起重机出现首次故障时的累积工作时间的平均值。][1MTTFF11∑∑=−=+=rirnjjittr式中:n——投入试验的起重机台数;r——发生首次故障的起重机台数;ti——第i台样机发生首次故障时各机构的累积工作时间;tj——在可靠性试验截止时,未发生故障的第j台样机各机构的累积工作时间。注:当试验结果r=0时,MTTFF=∑=njjt133.2当量平均无故障工作时间起重机相邻两次故障之间的平均工作时间。∑==nicitN11MTBF式中:N——在试验截止时间内起重机发生各类故障的总数,需按4.3.4的规定加权计数;tci——第i台样机各机构的累积工作时间。机械工业部1998-03-19批准中华人民共和国机械行业标准通用桥式起重机可靠性考核评定试验规范(内部使用)JB/T50103-19981998-07-01实施JB/T50103-19982注:当试验结果N=0时,MTBF=∑=nicit133.3平均修复时间起重机故障修复时间的平均值。∑==0101MTTRNiritN式中:N0——在试验截止时间内起重机发生各类故障的总数,不需加权计数;tri——第i次故障所需的修复时间,包括故障诊断、修理和调试时间。3.4使用可用度(A0)起重机能保持其规定功能的时间比例。∑∑==+=+=nisiciNIcitttA110)(不可工作时间工作时间工作时间式中:tsi——第i台起重机不可工作时间,包括故障修复时间、预防维修时间、保障时间和管理时间。4故障分类与判据4.1故障定义起重机的故障是指整机、部件或零件不能完成其规定功能,性能下降至规定范围以外的一切现象。4.1.1关联故障起重机在规定条件下使用,由于本身固有缺陷而引起的故障为关联故障。这类故障包括:起重机性能参数因达不到技术要求的规定值而造成的故障;起重机金属结构发生影响承载能力的故障;起重机各机构运动链上零部件发生影响正常运行的故障;起重机电气设备发生引起停车的故障等。4.1.2非关联故障起重机由于误用、维修不当或由外界因素引起的故障为非关联故障。这类故障包括:起重机操作不当引起的故障;起重机定期保养时应排除的配套设备内在缺陷造成的故障;起重机易损件达到规定寿命后造成的故障;由于非制造厂责任所违反起重机有关运输、安装、调试、运行、维护等各种规定而造成的故障。4.1.3从属故障由某一故障所引起的派生故障。4.2故障分类根据起重机发生故障造成的危害程度、损坏的严重程度和修复的难易程度,将故障分为致命故障、严重故障、一般故障和轻微故障四类。4.2.1致命故障危及或导致人身伤亡、设备严重损坏和造成重大经济损失或导致其他不可容忍的后果。4.2.2严重故障起重机主要零部件或整机严重损坏、功能丧失、修理费用较高、影响较大或在短时间内无法修复,需要更换主要部件或解体才能排除。4.2.3一般故障JB/T50103-19983起重机的一般零部件损坏,导致部分功能不能完成、修理费用中等、影响一般,在短期内可以排除。4.2.4轻微故障对起重机完成规定功能只有轻度影响,暂时还能保持整机正常运转、修理费用低廉、维修简单,故障可在停机保养时间内调整或排除。4.3故障判据4.3.1在计算起重机故障数时,只统计关联故障的次数和类别。故障模式相同、多次发生的故障,若属于关联故障,每次都应计入。若由关联故障引起的从属故障,其故障次数不计,只对引起从属故障的原发故障计数,但故障分类应按其所造成的最严重后果的故障判定。4.3.2非关联故障不计入故障数。按产品说明书规定,需定期更换的易损件,因到期后未更换而发生故障,也不作故障处理,但都应作记录,并在试验报告中予以说明。4.3.3故障分类可按附录A(标准的附录)判定。由于起重机型式多样,故障模式繁多,如发现附录A中未列入的故障模式,可根据故障分类原则,参照附录A中的实例来判定其类别。4.3.4将致命故障、严重故障、一般故障和轻微故障分别加权计数,将一般故障作为基准,故障计数为1,致命故障计数为20,严重故障计数为4,轻微故障计数为0.5。加权计数后的故障数为当量故障数。5抽样方法5.1试验样机试验样机应是定型后批量生产的产品,并符合GB/T14405要求。试验样机还应是相同生产条件下批量出厂的产品,要求服役履历相似。样机在实际使用中应与工作级别相符,有较高的满载率和较频繁的使用率。样机的适用环境、运行工况和操作维护等应符合产品说明书或订货合同规定的要求。5.2抽样基数为保证可靠性试验结果的置信程度,抽样基数应尽可能大,一般应不少于当年产量的1/3,最少要10台以上。5.3抽样方式采取随机抽样的方法,可按抽样基数的1/10抽取试验样机,但至少有3台样机投入试验。5.4样机文件每台样机应附有出厂合格证、出厂检验报告、安装使用说明书、随机备件清单、使用验收检测报告、样机抽样登记表等。6试验方法6.1试前准备6.1.1采用使用现场数据反馈分析的方法进行可靠性试验,需在每台样机的起升机构、小车运行机构和大车运行机构的电路上安装计时器,用以记录机构运行的时数。6.1.2桥式起重机安装调试完毕,应按使用说明书的规定对试验样机进行空载试验、静载试验和动载试验,做好记录,正式交工后方能投入试验。6.2试验过程6.2.1设定专人,每天观察记录各机构计时器上显示的累计工作时数。试验样机出现故障或停机维护时及时记下故障发生日期、故障模式、故障发生原因、各计时器时数、维修方式、停车时数、修复时数等。关联故障、非关联故障、从属故障都需详细记入故障记录表,作为可靠性考核评定的原始数据。试JB/T50103-19984验记录表格见附录B(标准的附录)。6.2.2试验期间应严格按照使用说明书规定的技术保养周期和内容进行样机的保养检查,并详细记录保养项目、内容、所用时间、人员等情况。在评定过程中,若有规定项目外的保养、维护、调整、换件等情况,一般均作为关联故障计数处理。6.2.3试验期间样机发生故障应及时排除,不允许在故障状态下工作。对故障原因进行分析,必要时可附简图或照片,在损坏原因确定之前,换下的损坏件由试验负责单位保存,以备查用。6.2.4试验采用定时截尾方式,每台试验样机各机构累计运行总时数不低于1500h,并以计时器的读数为准。6.2.5试验结束后,应对试验样机进行全面检查,必要时可解体检查,以查明一切尚未记录的故障,这些故障的发生时间以试验截尾时间计。6.2.6在可靠性考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