PersuasiveSpeech说服性演讲(PPT35张)

WangJufang1PersuasiveSpeech说服性演讲WangJufang2ContentsDefinitionofPersuasiveSpeechInformativevs.PersuasiveAudienceAdaptationTypesofPersuasiveSpeechMonroe’sMotivatedSequenceTipsforSuccessfulPersuasionAssignmentWangJufang3DefinitionofPersuasiveSpeechThekindofspeechwhereyouusereasoning,emotionalappealsoryourcredibilitytoconvincethelistenerstoagreewithyouortoinspirethemtoaction.WaysofPersuasionreasoning,emotionalappeals,credibilityPurposetoinfluencetheattitudes,beliefs,values,andactsoftheaudienceandothersRoleofspeakeranadvocateWangJufang4Informativevs.PersuasiveInaninformativespeech,thespeakerconveysfactsanddetails.todefine,toexplainandtoclarifyInapersuasivespeech,thespeakertriestoshape/influencethelisteners’ideas,beliefs,attitudes,orbehavior.WangJufang5AudienceAdaptationStronglyOpposedModeratelyOpposedSlightlyOpposedNeutralSlightlyinFavorModeratelyinFavorStronglyinFavorPersuasioninvolvesanymovementbyalistenerfromlefttoright.Persuasivespeech:MENTALDIALOGUEwiththeaudienceWangJufang6AudienceAdaptationAspeakershouldadaptthecontentandstrategytotheaudience:•Theirposition•Theirmajorobjections•Theirquestions•TheirfavoritestyleofcommunicationTipsforaudienceadaptation•SetaparticularpartofthewholeaudienceasyourTARGETAUDIENCE.•Tailoryourspeechtofitthevaluesandconcernsofyourtargetaudience.WangJufang7TypesofPersuasiveSpeechPersuasivespeechesonquestionsoffact事实问题Persuasivespeechesonquestionsofvalue价值问题Persuasivespeechesonquestionsofpolicy方法问题WangJufang81.QuestionsofFactQuestionsoffactarequestionsaboutthetruthorfalsityofanassertion.Qsoffactcanbeansweredwithcertainty•e.g.HowfarisNYtoBeijing?•e.g.WhoisthefirstAfricanAmericanpresident?Qsoffactcannotbeansweredwithcertainty•e.g.WillNAUenrollEnglishmajordoctorsin10years’time?•e.g.Aredailymegadosesofvitaminsbeneficialtohumanhealth?(每天大量服用维生素有益健康？）WangJufang9Attention！Persuasivespeechesonaquestionoffactcomeaboutinasituationwheretheaudiencehasseriousdoubtaboutthefactoracase.Informativespeechescomeaboutinsituationswheretheaudiencewantstolearnaboutthefacts.OrganizationbytopicsEachmainpointwillpresentareason(whyagree);Subdividethetopiclogicallyandconsistently.WangJufang10Example(1)SpecificPurposeTopersuademyaudiencethatanearthquakeof9.0oraboveontheRichterscalewillhitXi’aninthenexttenyears.MainpointsI.Xi’anislongoverdueforamajorearthquake.II.Manygeologicalsignsindicatethatamajorearthquakemayhappensoon.III.ExpertsagreethatamajorearthquakecouldhitXi’ananyday.WangJufang11Example(2)SpecificPurposetopersuademyaudiencethatgeneticallyengineeredcrops(GEC)poseseriousdangerstotheenvironmentandtohumanhealth.CentralIdeaGECshavethepotentialtocreatemajorenvironmentalandhealthhazards.MainPointsI.GECswillcreateenvironmentalhavocbyharmingbeneficialinsectswhilecreatingsuperbugsandsuperweedsthatwillbeverydifficulttocontrol.II.GECswillcreatehealthproblemsbyintroducingharmfultoxinsandallergensintofoodswithouttheknowledgeofcustomers.WangJufang122.QuestionsofValueQuestionsofvaluearequestionsabouttheworth,rightness,moralityandsoforthofanideaoraction.e.g.Isitjustifiabletoclonehumanbeings?e.g.Whataretheethicalresponsibilitiesofjournalists?WangJufang13OrganizationestablishingstandardsforthevaluejudgmentapplyingthosestandardstothespeechtopicPersuasionisbasedonyourjudgmentaboutwhatisrightorwrong,goodorbad,moralorimmoral,etc.Speakerneedstojustifyher/hisvaluejudgmentinlightofaclearlydefinedsetofstandardsWangJufang14Example(1)SpecificPurposeTopersuademyaudiencethatcapitalpunishmentiswrong.MainPointsI.Capitalpunishmentviolatesthebiblicalcommandment“Thoushaltnotkill.”II.Capitalpunishmentviolatestheconstitutionalbanon“cruelandunusualpunishment.”WangJufang15Example(2)SpecificPurposetopersuademyaudiencethatbicycleridingistheidealformoflandtransportation.CentralIdeaBicycleridingistheidealformoflandtransportationbecauseitisfasterthanwalkingorrunning,doesnotexploitanimalsorpeople,isnonpolluting,andpromotesthehealthoftheriders.MainPointsI.Anidealformoflandtransportationshouldmeetfourmajorstandards:fasterthanrunningorwalking,notexploitinganimalsorpeople,nonpolluting,andbeneficialforthepersonwhousesit.II.Bicycleridingmeetsallthesestandardsforanideaformoflandtransportation:fasterthanrunningorwalking,notexploitinganimalsorpeople,nonpolluting,andbeneficialforthepersonwhousesit.WangJufang163.QuestionsofPolicyQuestionsofpolicyarequestionsaboutwhetheraspecificcourseofactionshouldorshouldnotbetaken.e.g.Shouldsame-sexmarriagesbelegalized?e.g.ShouldNAUpayteachersbytheirresearchoutput?WangJufang17Speechestogainpassiveagreement:Aim:toconvincetheaudiencethatagivenpolicyisdesirablewithoutencouragingtheaudiencetotakeactioninsupportofthepolicy.Example(Tryit!)Topersuademyaudiencethatthereshouldbestrictersafetystandardsonamusement-parkrides.TopersuademyaudiencethattheauthorityshouldprohibitnetbarsfromopeningnearschoolsWangJufang18Speechestogainimmediateaction:Aim:togettheaudiencetodosthinsupportofthepolicy.Specificrecommendationsshouldbemadeforaction.Example(Tryit!)Topersuade