分词的用法

分词的用法1.两种形式：现在分词和过去分词2.结构：（1）现在分词a.一般式V+-ingb.完成式having+donec.被动式being+done（2）过去分词只有一般式V.+ed3.作非谓语：b.充当定语、状语、表语和补语a.可作adj./adv.分词作定语：•定语从句的简化•1.现在分词作定语•2.过去分词作定语分词作定语：•定语从句的简化•1.现在分词作定语•2.过去分词作定语现在分词作定语1.n.持久的特点apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlespeoplealastingrelationshipdevelopingcountries现在分词作定语fallingleaves=leavesthatarefalling2.n.的短暂性特点（正在进行）therisingsun=thesunthatisrisingpassingtimeaswimmingbearasleepingbaby现在分词vs动名词doingvsdoing1.现在分词可置于n.前或后动名词只可置于n.之前2.现在分词可改为定语从句动名词可以改为for短语高分句•Thegraphgivesinformationconcerningsalesandprofitsoftwomanufacturingcompanies.asleepingdogasleepingbagaswimmingboyaswimmingpooldrinkingwaterboilingwater=adogthatissleeping现分=abagforsleeping动名词=aboywhoisswimming现分=apoolforswimming动名词=waterfordrinking动名词=waterthatisboiling现分分词作定语：•定语从句的简化•1.现在分词作定语•2.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语1.动作已经完成therisensun=thesunthathasrisenamarriedman=amanwhohasmarried过去分词作定语aboiledegg=aneggthatwasboiledadesertedcarpark=acarparkthathasbeendeserted2.被动关系高分句•CompanyAsellspencilsmadeintheUK,whereasCompanyBsellspencilsmanufacturedoverseas.过去分词作定语It’sonlyoneleft,soIcangiveyouaspecialprice.3.left,questioned,found通常作后置定语过去分词作定语4.used,given等词作前置和后置定语意义不同A:Thestoresellsusedbooksonly.B:Thetextbooksusedareallup-to-date.A:Wemustfinishitwithinthegivenperiod.B:Idon’tliketheclothesgivenbymymom.高分句•Theinformationgiveninthegraphshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleworkingintownsandcitiesprefertoliveinthecountrysideandcommutetowork.分词作定语现在分词：过去分词：主动进行被动完成Thisisabookentitled‘WithaLittleFaith’beingpublishedabouthim.3.作非谓语：b.充当定语、状语、表语和补语a.可作adj./adv.分词作定语现在分词：过去分词：主动进行被动完成•ThegirlsawKingkong.•ThegirlfellinlovewithKingkong.•ThegirlsawKingkongandfellinlovewithhim.•WhenthegirlsawKingkong,shefellinlovewithhim.•SeeingKingkong,thegirlfellinlovewithhim.分词作状语：•定语从句的简化分词作状语1.两个动作具有某种逻辑关系（时间/原因/条件/让步/伴随）3.可简化从句2.分词的逻辑主语与句子主语须一致Arrivinghome,thedoorwasfoundlocked.Arrivinghome,Ifoundthedoorwaslocked.Lookingoutofthewindow,therearelotsofpeopleinthestreet.Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawlotsofpeopleinthestreet.WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.=Enteringtheroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.Whenthecityisseen,fromthehill,itlookslikeagarden.=Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.时间状语•Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.原因状语•Seeingnobodyathome,Idecidedtoleaveheranote.条件状语•Givenmoretime,Iwouldrecalltheyouthlife.让步状语•KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.伴随状语•Thesuperstarcamein,followedbylotsoffans.注意1.分词的完成式现在分词动作在谓语动作之前发生Havingfailedtwice,Ididn’twanttotryagain.=AfterIhadfailedtwice,Ididn’twanttotryagain.高频句•…,buthavingsaidthat,…“Excuseme,doyouknowitsagainstthelawtorideyourbikewithoutlights,buthavingsaidthat,I’mnotgoingtoarrestyouforit,justgiveyouawarning!”(=althoughIsaidthat)注意2.分词作状语时，前面可用连词或介词Afterhavingmydinnerquickly,Iwenttoseeher.高分句•Gettingtoolittlesleep,yourbodywilldemandthatthesleepdebtberepaid.