大学英语-翻译课件-英语笔译综合(介词)

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英语笔译综合介词介词表示名词或代词等和句子其他词之间的关系,一般放在名词或代词之前,构成介词短语。介词短语作为一个成分在句中作状语、表语或补足语等,介词后面可以接动词,但是,除了but和except后以外,介词后的动词必须是动名词形式(-ing形式)介词一般用于名词或代词前,但在下面两种结构中的介词,在非正式英语中,可以移至句尾。1,在以“介词+whom/which/what/whose/where”开头的问句中:Towhomwereyoutalking?(formal)Whowereyoutalkingto?2,同样,在关系从句中,whom/which前的介词也可以移到从句句尾,这样,往往就省略了关系代词ThepersontowhomIwastalkingThepersonIwastalkingto不少人往往忽视介词的翻译,最常见的问题是按照英汉词典的定义死译,如凡是from都译成“从……”,on都译成“在……上”等,忘了英汉两种语言的不同习惯。在…领导下Undertheleadershipof在…帮助下Withthehelp/assistanceof在…条件下UnderthecircumstanceofIn/undertheconditionofin/ontermsof在…前提下OnthepremiseofIntroductiontoBeijingWindowontheworldInhisopinionThewintervacationbeginsonJanuary10th.注意不同介词在意义上的差别Atthemoment眼下,马上Forthemoment临时,暂时Inthemoment一旦,在…的情况下Ofthemoment目前最重要的On/uponthemoment当场,立刻Tothemoment准时,分秒不差What’sinyourmind?What’sonyourmind?介词常用来表示原因Hiseyeswereredwithcrying.Forawhilehejustcouldn’tspeakforlaughing.Asshesatatherdesk,however,thepagesoftheeducationtextblurredwithherpanic.介词也可以表示否定的意思Hisisabovebowingandscraping.Hisaccusationagainstusisbeneathrefutation.Thebridgeisclearlybeyondrepairing.Whatyouhavesaidisbesidethemark.Mostcometsareextremelyfaintobject,farbelowthelimitoftheunaidedeye.Shesleptoffaheadache.From是表示否定用得最多的介词Thatwasafarcryfromwhatwehadexpected.Lifeisfarfromabedofrose.TheypersuadedherfromgoingsteadywithTom.Yetherinsanityhadfreedherfrommostkindsofanxietyandherfacewasunusuallyclearoflinesandwrinkle,andhereyeswerecandidanddirectlikethoseofachild.有时要从反面着眼才能把介词的含义翻译清楚Afteryou,sir.先生,您先请。Thereisanelementofangerbehindtheireyes.他们的眼光中流露出一种愤怒的神情。Theboatsankoffthecoast.船在离岸不远处沉没。由于我们的世界是一个运动着的世界,而英语中的动词又不像汉语中那样可以担任句子的多种成分,介词也就常常用来表示动作概念,英译汉时,介词常需译成动词。Heisathislessonsnow.Whatishehereagainfor?Hehassomeonebehindhim.汉语中常见的兼语式中的后一个动词,除了可以用动词不定式、分词等做宾语补语外,也可以用介词短语作宾语补语,而且句子显得更加简练。他帮助那位老太太坐好。Hehelpedtheoldwomanintoherseat.他带她走遍了整个市场。Hewalkedheralloverthemarket.他劝她改变了决定。Hearguedheroutofthedecision.英语中常常出现介词短语构成的排比结构,有时同一个介词应译成不同的动词ThePartyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlights.CalisleStreetrunswestward,acrossagreatblackbridge,downahillandupagain,bylittleshopsandmeatmarkets,pastsingle-storiedhomes,untilsuddenlyitstopsagainstawidegreenlawn.如果发生紧急情况,请穿上救生衣。Pleaseputonthelifejacketincaseofemergency.高科技开发区的多数商家去年状况良好,但就软件业来说,猖獗的盗版活动使得各公司蒙受了巨大损失。Mostbusinessesinthehigh-techdevelopmentzonedidwellinthepreviousyear,butinthecaseofthesoftwareindustry,companiessufferedheavylossesduetorampantpiracy.我们的房子安的不是保险丝,而是安全电闸,它可以在线路超载时自动断电。Ratherthanafuse,ourhouseisequippedwithasafetyswitchthatdisconnectsautomaticallywhenthecircuitisoverloaded.Insteadofafuse,ourhouseisfittedwithasafetyswitchthatautomaticallydisconnectsincaseofcircuitoverload.

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