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:524023,RNAiRNA(RNAi)RNAmRNARNAi,,RNA(siRNA),siRNA,RNAiRNAiRNA/;RNA,;1998,(C.ele2gans)RNA(double2strandedRNA,dsRNA),RNA(RNAinterference,RNAi),RNARNARNAiRNAmRNA(posttran2scriptionalgenesilencing,PTGS),RNARNAi,[1]:(1)dsRNADicerATP22ntRNA(smallin2terferingRNA,siRNA),DicerRNase(2)siRNARNA(RNA2inducedsilencingcomplex,RISC),RISCmRNA,siRNAmRNA(3)siRNARNARNA(RNA2dependentRNApolymerase,RDRP),dsR2NA,RNAi,siR2NARDRPRNAi1.siRNA:29ntdsRNA,,dsRNARNA(dsRNA2dependentproteinkinase,PKR),PKREIF22,[2],ElbashirSM[3]21ntsiRNARNAi,PKR,1921ntsiRNA,RNAi,,,,mRNA,siRNA,RNA2.dsRNA:siRNA,RNAU6H1dsRNA,dsRNARNAi[47],,,RNAi[5,7]dsRNA:,dsRNA[4,6,7];dsR2NA,[4,5],RNAi[4],dsRNA29ntPKR,,41220045253SectClinBiochem&LabMedForeignMedSci,May2004,Vol25,No.3©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,3.dsRNA:PaddisonPJ[8]RNA,500ntdsRNA,RNAiRNAiPKR,dsRNARNAi,dsRNADicersiRNA,siRNA;RNAiMyersJW[9],Dicer500ntdsRNA2021ntsiRNA,RNAi4.RNAi:RNAiGr2ishokA[10],RNAi,rde21rde24RNAiMcCaffreyAP[11]RNAiHa2suwaH[12]RNAiRNAi,RNAi5.:RNAi,siRNAdsRNAElbashirSM[13]siRNA,21nt,23nt3siRNA,siRNA,mRNAsiRNA5,dsRNA,dsRNA,,RNA,[14],RNAi[5,14]CzaudernaF[15]RNAi,RNAi,RNAi,RNA,RNAi1HannonGJ.RNAinterference.Nature,2002,418(6894):2442251.2GilJ,EstebanM.InductionofapoptosisbythedsRNA2dependentpro2teinkinase(PKR):mechanismofaction.Apoptosis,2000,5(2):1072114.3ElbashirSM,HarborthJ,LendeckelW,etal.Duplexesof212nucleotideRNAsmediateRNAinterferenceinculturedmammaliancells.Nature,2001,411(6836):4942498.4YuJY,DeRuiterSL,TurnerDL.RNAinterferencebyexpressionofshort2interferingRNAsandhairpinRNAsinmammaliancells.ProcNatlAcadSciUSA,2002,99(9):604726052.5BrummelkampTR,BernardsR,AgamiR.Asystemforstableexpres2sionofshortinterferingRNAsinmammaliancells.Science,2002,296(5567):5502553.6LeeNS,DohjimaT,BauerG,etal.ExpressionofsmallinterferingRNAstargetedagainstHIV21revtranscriptsinhumancells.Nat2Biotechnol,2002,20(5):5002505.7MiyagishiM,TairaK.U6promoter2drivensiRNAswithfoururidine3overhangsefficientlysuppresstargetedgeneexpressioninmammaliancells.NatBiotechnol,2002,20(5):4972500.8PaddisonPJ,CaudyAA,HannonGJ.Stablesuppressionofgeneexpres2sionbyRNAiinmammaliancells.ProcNatlAcadSciUSA,2002,99(3):144321448.9MyersJW,JonesJT,MeyerT,etal.RecombinantDicerefficientlycon2vertslargedsRNAsintosiRNAssuitableforgenesilencing.NatBiotechnol,2003,21(3):3242328.10GrishokA,TabaraH,MelloCC.GeneticrequirementsforinheritanceofRNAiinC.elegans.Science,2000,287(5462):249422497.11McCaffreyAP,MeuseL,PhamTTT,etal.RNAinterferenceinadultmice.Nature,2002,418(6893):38239.12HasuwaH,KasedaK,EinarsdottirT,etal.SmallinterferingRNAandgenesilencingintransgenicmiceandrats.FEBSLett,2002,532(122):2272230.13ElbashirSM,MartinezJ,PatkaniowskaA,etal.FunctionalanatomyofsiRNAsformediatingefficientRNAiinDrosophilamelanogasterem2bryolysate.EMBOJ,2001,20(23):687726888.14YuJY,TaylorJ,DeRuiterSL,etal.SimultaneousinhibitionofGSK3alphaandGSK3betausinghairpinsiRNAexpressionvectors.MolTher,2003,7(2):2282236.15CzaudernaF,FechtnerM,AygunH,etal.FunctionalstudiesofthePI(3)2kinasesignallingpathwayemployingsyntheticandexpressedsiR2NA.NucleicAcidsRes,2003,31(2):6702682.(:2003205228):51220045253SectClinBiochem&LabMedForeignMedSci,May2004,Vol25,No.3©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.