英文摘要写作技巧

精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用英文摘要写作技巧英文摘要写作技巧医学论文(medicalpapers)的定义医学论文是对整理和发表医学研究成果的一种特殊文本的总称，就其内容和文体特点而言科分为以下几种：1.医学科研论文(scientificpapers)2.调查报告(survey)3.综述(review)4.学位论文(theses)5.医学科研论文(scientificpapers)u医学科研论文定义国际生物学编辑委员会对医学科研论文的定义为：必须是首次公布的应提供足够的资料，使同行们能够进行：①评价所精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用观察到的结果;②评价其推理过程;③重复实验。分为以下两种：①临床研究(clinicalstudy);②基础研究或实验研究(experimentalstudy)u医学科研论文的格式医学科研论文必须具备以下几个部分：(1)标题(title)(2)摘要(abstract)(3)引言(introduction)(4)材料和方法(materialsandmethods)(5)结果(results)(6)讨论(discussion)(7)致谢(acknowledgement)精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用(8)参考文献(references)一、标题(一)要求1.简明扼要(shortandconcise)(1)尽量控制在一行，但不是一个句子(2)不超过25个单词或120-140个字母(3)除DNA、RNA、CT等不用缩写2.信息丰富(informative)3.便于索引(indexing)4.较长标题可采用副标题(二)标题写作中常用词组和表达方式精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用1.用...(方法/手段)对...进行研究/分析/观察/评价：Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment)of(on)...(by)using方法/with工具)2.A对B的作用EffortofAonBProtectiveeffectofomeprazoleonendothelin-inducedgastricmucosalinjury3.A与B的关系Correlation(relation/relationship)betweenAandBCorrelationofAwithBandC常用修饰词：positively/negatively/significantly/insignificantly标题写作中常用词组和表达方式精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用4.用...治疗...Useof...inthetreatmentof...(病)in...(生物)Useofomeprazoleinthetreatmentofgastriculcerintheelderly5.A是BAasB二、著录部分书写(一)姓名标准式：WANGLuowei，HUANGYingfeng，GUOXiao’an(二)地址800XiangYinRoad,Shanghai200433,P.R.China精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用(三)资助AprojectfundedbytheNational“863”Program三、摘要的分类与格式摘要是作者要给读者的精华，分两大类：(一)指示性摘要(二)资料性摘要1.非结构式摘要缺点：段落不明，给编辑、审稿、阅读和计算机处理带来诸多不便2.全结构式摘要(8要素摘要)(1)目的精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用(2)设计(3)地点(4)对象(5)处理(6)主要测定项目(7)结果(8)结论全结构式摘要的优点(1)观点更明确(2)信息量更大(3)差错更少精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用(4)符合计算机数据库建立和使用的要求全结构式摘要的缺点：烦琐、重复、篇幅过长3.半结构式摘要(四要素摘要)(1)目的(objective/purpose/aim)(2)方法(methods)(3)结果(results)(4)结论(conclusion)u目的是主题，是作者相要介绍的关键问题一、目的格式(一)单表目的精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用(二)背景+目的二、目的常用时态(一)背景：现在时(一般现在时、完成时和进行时)(二)目的：一般现在时/现在完成时，或一般过去时举例：(1)Toevaluatetheeffectson24-hourintragastricpHlevelsofinfusionswithomeprazoleandH2receptorantagonistsinbleedingduodenalulcerpatients.(2)TheroleofomeprazoleintripletherapyandtheimpactofHelicobacterpyloriresistanceontreatmentoutcomearenotestablished.ThisstudyinvestigatedtheroleofomeprazoleandinfluenceofprimaryH.pyloriresistanceoneradicationanddevelopmentofsecondaryresistance.三、介绍目的常用句型精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用主要用动词不定式to表达1.直接用todo短语表达举例：Todetermineifuseofomeprazoleprotectsagainstthegastricmucosalinjury2.Thepurpose/aim/objective/goal(ofpresentstudyis)wasto举例：Theaimofthisstudywastodeterminetheprotectivefunctionofomeprazoleongastricmucosalinjury3.Thepresentstudyis/wasdesigned/devised/intendedto举例：Thepresentstudywasdesignedtoestablishwhethertheremightbeageneticpredispositiontoanalteredpatternofanti-inflammatorycytokineproducedinpatientswithirritablebowelsyndrome4.Thisstudywasperformed/conducted/carried精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用out/undertakento举例：Anexperimentalstudywasconductedusingacaninemodetoelucidate...5.Weaimed/soughtto/attemptedto举例：Wesoughttoassesswhetherthereisanincreasedriskoftuberculosisamongindividualswhoworkincertainindustriesoccupations.四、介绍目的常用动词1.研究：study,investigate,examine,observe,explore举例：Ourobjectiveinthisreportistoexaminetheclinicalfeature,pathologyandtreatmentforpatientswithpancreaticcancer.2.评价：evaluate,validate举例：Toevaluatesonographyasatoolforinitial精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用diagnosisinemergencyroompatientswithabdominaltrauma.3.确定：determine,decide,confirm,support,define,characterize4.证实：prove,demonstrate,document,test,support,testify,verify5.阐明、搞清：explain,elucidate,clarify,illustrate,delineate,findout,contributetotheknowledgeof6.介绍：describe,present,report7.建立：establish,develop,setout8.寻找：searchfor,lookfor,seek,find9.识别、区分：identify,differentiate,discriminate10.优选：optimize精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用11.比较：compare12.回顾：review13.相关：correlateAwithB方法部分u(1)研究设计(2)研究对象的特性(3)干预或处理方法(4)测定或观察方法一、研究对象的选择、来源及标准1.纳入研究：wereenteredinto/enrolledin/selected(randomly)精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用举例：Atotalof169patientswereincludedinthestudy,83ofwhomreceived......2.排除或退出研究：wereexcludedfromparticipation，withdrewfromthestudydueto/becauseto举例：......Patientswithsignificantaorticvalvulardiseaseswereexcluded.二、研究对象的分组1.......weredividedinto/classified/groupedinto2.......weredividedrandomly/randomizedinto3.......weredividedequallyinto举例：Patientsweredividedintothreegroups:Group1......Patients(n=539)withahistoryofduodenalulcerandapositiveH.pyloriscreeningtestresultwererandomizedinto4groups.OACgroupreceived20mgomeprazole,......精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用三、年龄1.某一年龄举例：A50-year-oldpatient.Patients(age26±3years).2.在某年龄范围内及平均年龄举例：Patientsrangeinagefrom...to...,withameanof(50years)3.在某一年龄以上或以下举例：Patientsmorethan50years.Patientsunder/lessthan50years.四、性别、时间1.性别精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用twelvepatients(7maleand5female)Themale-to-femaleratiowas1:42.时间Bodyweightwasmeasuredweekly,andliverbiopsywasobtainedat4,8and12weeks.......五、诊断与治疗1.诊断bediagnosedashaving...bediagnosedas...by.../with...®besuspectedas...2.治疗betreatedwith...(aloneorincombinationwith...)精品WORD文档下载可编缉使用betreatedonoutpatient/inpatientbasis举例：(1)Patients(n=539)withahistoryofduodenalulcerandapositiveH.pyloriscreeningtestresultwererandomizedinto4groups.OACgroupreceived20mgomeprazole,...(2)50p