八年级英语下册Unit2Illhelptocleanupthecityparks第三课时Sectio

第三课时SectionA(GrammarFocus～4c)单元语法精讲精练动词词组在英语中，有些动词通过在后面加上介词、副词或其他词表达特定含义，这样的短语称为短语动词，其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。短语动词的构成主要有以下几种形式：◆动词＋介词常见的有askfor，agreewith，beginwith，callon，careabout，dealwith，laughat，lookafter/at/for，takeafter，workon等，这类短语动词的宾语放在介词后。eg：Wehavetolookafterourselveswhenweareawayfromhome.◆动词＋副词常见的有cheerup，cleanup，fixup，giveup，lookup，handin，putaway/up/off/on，takeoff，thinkover，turndown/off等。这类短语动词的宾语是名词时，置于副词前后均可；若宾语是代词，则只能置于动词和副词之间。eg：Turnoffthelight，please./Turnthelightoff，please.Shelooksreallyupset.Let'scheerherup.◆动词＋副词＋介词常见的有catch/keepupwith，comeupwith，dowellin，geton/alongwith，lookforwardto(盼望，期待)，runoutof，stayawayfrom等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。eg：Whatifyourunoutofallyourpocketmoney?◆动词＋名词＋介词常见的有makefunof(嘲笑，取笑)，makeuseof(利用)，payattentionto，takecareof，takepartin，takepridein等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。eg：Youmustpayattentiontoyourspelling.◆be动词＋形容词＋介词eg：Mysisterisgoodatdancing.动词不定式1．动词不定式的定义动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式的肯定形式是“todosth”；否定形式是“nottodosth”。2．动词不定式的功能动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。eg：Iwanttogoshoppingwithyou.一、单项选择。1．—WhatdidyoudoonEarthDaythisyear?—We____ashowtospreadthemessageaboutprotectingtheenvironment.(2015，福州)A．putonB．putupC．putaway2．Theyheardthepartywas____becauseofexam.(2015，青岛)A．putonB．putupC．putoffD．putdown3．InthesongIBetMyLife，theUSrockbandImagineDragontellspeopleneverto____catchingtheirdreams.(2015，连云港)A．giveupB．giveoutC．giveinD．giveoffACA4．—Therearesomanyproblems.I'msoafraid.—Youshouldtryto____yourshynessfirst.You'renotachildanymore.(2015，鄂州)A．pickupB．takeawayC．takeoffD．getover5．—Jason，wouldyouplease____thisnotice?—Withpleasure.(2015，武汉)A．putonB．putoffC．putupD．putout6．Paulmadeanicecage____thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A．keepB．keptC．keepingD．tokeepDCD7．Whenthechildsawhisuncle，heranup____hellotohim.A．sayB．saidC．saysD．tosay8．Whenyouleave，pleaseturnoffthelight____energy.(2015，泰安)A．saveB．tosaveC．savingD．saved9．____Englishwell，onemusthavealotofpractice.A．SpeaksB．TospeakC．SpokenD．Speak10．—WhyisLinlinpracticingspeakingEnglish?—____abroadforfurtherstudy.A．GoB．GoneC．TogoD．GoesDBBC