第一章整式的乘除第1课时平方差公式5平方差公式①平方差公式:(a+b)(a-b)=______,即两数和与这两数差的积,等于它们的_______.②平方差公式的右边是相同项的平方减去互为相反项的绝对值的平方.a2-b2平方差平方差公式1.(3分)(2015·永州)下列运算正确的是()A.a2·a3=a6B.(-a+b)(a+b)=b2-a2C.(a3)4=a7D.a3+a5=a82.(3分)下列各式中,不能用平方差公式计算的是()A.(a-b)(-a+b)B.(x2-y2)(x2+y2)C.(-m+n)(m+n)D.(c2+d2)(d2-c2)3.(3分)与3x-y2相乘的积等于y4-9x2的多项式为()A.3x-y2B.3x+y2C.-3x-y2D.y2-3xBAC4.(3分)(x-1)(x+1)(x2+1)-(x4+1)的值是()A.-2x2B.0C.-2D.-15.(3分)下列运用平方差公式计算,错误的是()A.(a+b)(a-b)=a2-b2B.(x+1)(x-1)=x2-1C.(2x+1)(2x-1)=2x2-1D.(-a+b)(-a-b)=a2-b26.(3分)计算(3a-)(9a2+)(3a+)等于()A.81a4+B.81a4-C.81a4-a2+D.81a4+a2+1214121161169298116116CCB7.(6分)计算:(1)(3y-2)(3y+2)=_______;(2)(11x-5y)(11x+5y)=____________;(3)(7ab+4)(7ab-4)=___________;(4)(-9m+2)(9m+2)=_________.8.(8分)运用平方差公式计算:(1)(a-1)(a+1);(2)(-3a-b)(3a-b);(3)(-3x2+y2)(y2+3x2);(4)[3a+(b-2)][3a-(b-2)].14141212解:b2-9a2149y2-4121x2-25y249a2b2-164-81m2解:y4-9x4解:9a2-b2+4b-4解:a2-1116平方差公式的逆用9.(3分)若a2-b2=,a-b=,则a+b的值为()A.B.C.1D.210.(3分)(-5a2+4b2)()=25a4-16b4,括号内应填()A.5a2+4b2B.5a2-4b2C.-5a2-4b2D.-5a2+4b211.(2分)(2015·衡阳)若a+b=3,a-b=-1,则a2-b2的值为____.14121212BC-3一、选择题(每小题3分,共12分)12.在下列多项式的乘法中,能用平方差公式计算的是()A.(x+1)(x+1)B.(x+y)(y-x)C.(-x+y)(x-y)D.(x2-y)(x+y2)13.在下列多项式的乘法中,不能用平方差公式计算的是()A.(m-n)(-m+n)B.(-m-n)(m-n)C.(m-n)(n+m)D.(-m-n)(-m+n)BA121214.下列各式中,计算正确的是()A.(-2x-3y)(2x-3y)=-4x2+9y2B.(-2x-3y)(2x-3y)=4x2-9x2C.(x-2)(x-2)=x2-4D.(x+6)(x-6)=x2-615.若M·(3x-2y)=4y2-9x2,则M应为()A.3x+2yB.-3x+2yC.-3x-2yD.3x-2y二、填空题(每小题3分,共12分)16.(1)(m+n)·(________)=n2-m2;(2)(-xy-1)·(________)=x2y2-1.17.计算:(1)(a+2b)(-a+2b)=________;(2)(-7m-2n)(-7m+2n)=___________.AC-m+n-xy+14b2-a249m2-4n218.已知2x+y=3,2x-y=-4,则4x2-y2=_____.19.补全运算式子:(___)(__+)=-;(5a_____)(___-3b)=25a2-9b2.三、解答题(共36分)20.(8分)计算下列各题:(1)(-5x+1)(-5x-1);(2)(-an+bm)(an+bm).21.(8分)化简:(1)(a+2)(a-2)-(a+1)(a-4);(2)3(x+3y)(x-3y)-2(2x+y)(y-2x).2m2n24m24n解:25x2-1解:b2m-a2n解:11x2-29y2解:3a-12+3b5a-2n2m22.(8分)已知x2-y2=2,求(x+y)2·(x-y)2的值.【综合应用】23.(12分)(2015·内江)(1)填空:(a-b)(a+b)=_______;(a-b)(a2+ab+b2)=_______;(a-b)(a3+a2b+ab2+b3)=_______.(2)猜想:(a-b)(an-1+an-2b+…+abn-2+bn-1)=________.(其中n为正整数,且n≥2)(3)利用(2)猜想的结论计算:29-28+27-…+23-22+2.解:(x+y)2·(x-y)2=[(x+y)(x-y)]2=(x2-y2)2.因为x2-y2=2,所以原式=22=4a2-b2a3-b3a4-b4an-bn解:原式=(2-1)(28+26+24+22+2)=342