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SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures关系副词或“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句一、关系副词引导的定语从句【观察思考】▶IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIstayedinTibet.我永远不会忘记待在西藏的日子。▶Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichIspentinTibet.我永远不会忘记在西藏度过的日子。▶Heistoleavehishometownwherehehaslivedfor30years.他即将离开生活了30年的故乡。▶Heistoleavehishometownthat/whichattractsnumerousvisitorseveryyear.他即将离开每年都吸引无数游客的故乡。▶Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendtheparty.我们不知道他没参加聚会的原因。▶MrWangdidn’tbelievethereasonthat/whichIexplainedtohim.王先生不相信我向他解释的原因。【探究总结】(1)当先行词为时间名词且定语从句中缺少时间状语时,定语从句用引导。(2)当先行词为地点名词且定语从句中缺少地点状语时,定语从句用引导。(3)当先行词为reason且定语从句中缺少原因状语时,定语从句用引导。答案:(1)when(2)where(3)why【应用实践】单句语法填空。①IstayedinLondonforamonthItravelledtomanyofitstouristattractions.②Theytookmetothesmallhousetheymadetheirfirstinvention.③Thereasontheclassroomwasemptywasthatthestudentswentonanoutingwiththeteachers.答案:①when②where③why二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句【观察思考】▶Doyourememberthedaywhen/onwhichyoujoinedourclub?你记得你加入我们俱乐部的那天吗?▶Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhegaveupthechance.这就是他放弃这次机会的原因。▶Thisisthecompanywhere/inwhichweworkedlastyear.=Thisisthecompanywhichweworkedinlastyear.这就是我们去年工作过的公司。▶Who’sthemanwhomyoujustshookhandswith?=Who’sthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?刚才跟你握手的那个男人是谁?▶Theman(that/whom)youweretalkingabouthascometoourschool.你谈到的那个人来我们学校了。【探究总结】(1)关系副词(when、where、why)可以用“+which”替换。其中why=+which。(2)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰物时关系代词用而不用that,修饰人时用而不用who。(3)在定语从句中,当关系代词which作介词的宾语时,既可以把介词放在which之前,也可以放在从句的末尾。当介词放在从句的末尾时,关系代词既可以用which也可以用that。答案:(1)介词;for(2)which;whom含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开,如lookafter、takecareof、lookat等。如:Isthisthewatchwhichheislookingfor?(不能说:Isthisthewatchforwhichheislooking?)【应用实践】(1)同义句转换。①IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.→IwillneverforgetthedayIjoinedthearmy.②Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?→Canyoutellmetheofficeheworks?③Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyhehasnotturnedup.→Nobodyknowsthereasonhehasnotturnedup.(2)一句多译。这就是我们曾经住过的那个房间。①Thisistheroomweoncelivedin.②Thisistheroomweoncelived.③Thisistheroomweoncelived.答案:(1)①onwhich②inwhich③forwhich(2)①that/which②inwhich③where三、注意事项【观察思考】▶Youhavereachedapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。▶I’vereachedthestagewhereIjustdon’tcareanymore.我已经到了一种什么都不在乎的地步。▶Weareinapositionwherewemaylosealargesumofmoney.我们处在可能会损失大量金钱的境地。▶Therearecaseswherethisruledoesnotholdwell.在一些情况下,这个规则是不适用的。▶Iliketheway(that/inwhich)theteachergiveshislessons.我喜欢这位老师上课的方式。【探究总结】(1)关系副词和关系代词的选择依据先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。若是作状语,则用或;若是作主语、表语或宾语,则用。(2)用where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点。有一些先行词,如point、stage、position、case、policy、situation等,属于抽象的地点名词,需要用where引导定语从句。另外book、novel、scene、job、story、report、movie、painting、letter、activity等含有内容信息的名词有时也可以作为抽象地点名词来使用,译为“在……之中”,这时其后的定语从句也需要用where引导。(3)当先行词是way且在从句中作方式状语时,关系词可用inwhich或that,也可省略。答案:(1)关系副词;介词+关系代词;关系代词【应用实践】(1)选词填空(which/that/where/when/why)。①Thevillageyouvisitedlastweekismyfather’shometown.②Thevillagehegrewupisnotfarawayfromourtown.③IwillneverforgetthedaysIvisitedBeijingwithmyfamily.④Iwillneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.⑤Wedon’tbelievethereasonhegaveattheclassmeeting.⑥Wedon’tbelievethereasonhewaslateyesterday.(2)单句语法填空。①Tothosesuccessfuldeafdancers,dancingisanactivitysightmattersmorethanhearing.②Todaywe’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersfailtousethelanguageproperly.③Shewantsajobshecanputwhatshehaslearntintopractice.答案:(1)①that/which②where③when④that/which⑤that/which⑥why(2)①where②where③where