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Unit1ScienceandScientists阅读P7－9教材课文，选择最佳答案。1．WhydidQianXuesendecidetochangehismajoratuniversity?A．Becausehewantedtogetrespectfromothers.B．Becausehewouldliketodefendhiscountry.C．BecausehewantedtogototheUSforfurtherstudy.D．BecausehefoundRailwayMechanicalEngineeringwasboring.2．WhatmadeQianXuesensooutstandingascientistaccordingtothefirstpassage?A．Hisstronginterestinart.B．HisdifficultiesintheUS.C．Hisgreatleadership.D．Hiscourageandenergy.3．WhendidHawkingfirstbecomefamous?A．Whenhewasstillatuniversity.B．Whenhelosttheuseofhismuscles.C．Afterhesufferedfromaseriousdisease.D．Afterhegraduatedfromuniversity.4．HowwasHawking'sowntheoryprovencorrect?A．Bythesteadystatetheory.B．ByFredHoyle'sstudy.C．Byhisownmistakes.D．Byastronomerswithtelescopes.[答案]1－4BAADWordsAndPhrases知识要点1pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)(教材P7)AnonNewtonianfluidisstrangebecauseyoucanpouritlikealiquid，butifyouputanypressureonit，itsuddenlybecomeshardasconcrete.非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以把它像液体一样倒出来，但如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。[例1]Afterthemeetingthepeoplepouredoutincrowds.散会后人们成群地涌出来。[例2]Peoplepouredintothehall.人们涌进大厅。[翻译]乌云密布，下起了倾盆大雨。Thestormcloudsgatheredandtherainpoureddown．[知识拓展]pourin涌进pourinto涌进……pourout倒出；涌出；倾诉pouroutof...从……中涌出来pourdown(雨)倾盆而降[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theraysofthesunpouredinthroughthewindow.②Theriverpoursintothesea.③Sobbing，shepouredoutthewholestory.④Hewasseriouslywounded.Bloodpouredoutofthewound.知识要点2breakout(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发(教材P7)However，aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932，QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.然而，在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。[例1]Somethingunexpectedalwaysbreaksoutinthisarea.在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。[例2]TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinSeptember1939.第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。[翻译]我正在熟睡中，这时突然发生了火灾，而且蔓延得很快。Iwasstillsleepingwhenthefirebrokeout，andthenitspreadquickly.[知识拓展]breakin强行进入；打断breakthrough突破；冲破breakup破碎；解散；分手breakoff断开；中断；停顿breakawayfrom逃脱；脱离breakinto强行闯入；突然开始breakdown出故障；垮掉[即学即练]完成句子①Hebrokeintomyhouseandstolemymoney.他闯进我家偷了我的钱。②Themeetingbrokeupateleveno'clock.在11点钟散会。③Onceyoujointhem，youcanneverbreakawayfromthem.一旦你入了他们的伙，你就永远不能脱离他们。④Ifyougoonworkinglikethat，youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.如果你继续像那样工作的话，你迟早会累垮的。知识要点3inchargeof主管；掌管(教材P8)Hereceivedahero'swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。[例1]I'llbeinchargeofthewholefactorynextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。[例2]Thecookisinchargeofthekitchenhelper.这位厨师负责管理帮厨工。[翻译]这位教师负责这个班。Theteacherisinchargeoftheclass．[知识拓展]takechargeof掌管/负责……inchargeof控制/管理……freeofcharge免费insb.'scharge＝inthechargeofsb.由……主管(含被动意义)[即学即练]完成句子①Thecompanywasbadlyorganizeduntilshetookchargeofit.公司管理很差，直到她掌管为止。②Theperformershaveallofferedtheirservicesfreeofcharge.演员们都愿意免费出演。③ThecompanyisinthechargeofTomwhenthebossisaway.＝Tomisinchargeofthecompanywhenthebossisaway.当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。知识要点4faultn.弱点；过错(教材P9)Aboveall，Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。[例1]Itwasallmyfault.这都是我的错。[例2]Thereisafaultinthismachine.这台机器出了故障。[翻译]她最大的缺点是话太多。Hergreatestfaultisthatshetalkstoomuch.[知识拓展]findfaultwithsb.挑剔某人；对某人吹毛求疵findfaultin看出……的缺点；找出……的毛病[即学即练]单句语法填空①Heisalwaysfindingfaultwithme，whichmakesmeveryangry.②Ican'tfindfaultinyourpaper.Itisperfect.SentencePattern重点句式“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级(教材P7)PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina'saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。句式分析：句中no...greater...than为“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than”结构，表示最高级。[例1]Unfortunately，thetechnologyofclimatechangeisnosimplerthananythingelse.不走运的是，改变气候的科技比任何事情都要复杂。[例2]Whatawonderfulnovel！Ihaveneverreadamoremovingone.多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。[翻译]再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。Nootherbookhashadagreatereffectonmylife.[知识拓展]表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：never＋比较级nothing/no＋so＋原级＋as...nothing/no＋比较级＋than...比较级＋than＋any＋单数名词anyother＋单数名词all（the）other＋复数名词anyoneelseanyoftheother＋复数名词therestof＋复数名词或不可数名词[即学即练]完成句子①Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday．我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。②Tomismoreintelligentthananyotherstudent/alltheotherstudentsinhisclass.汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。③Nothingisas/soimportantas(＝moreimportantthan)practice.实践最重要。数据信息题——“加减乘除”法[典例剖析]Inarecyclingeconomy，wewouldmakeonesetof100canstostartwith，thenreplacethemoverandoveragainwithrecycledcans.Sincealmost3%ofthemetalislostduringreprocessing，we'dhavetomakeanextra10canseachyear.Butinall，only150canswillbeusedupoverthecat'slifetime－andwe'llstillhave100leftoverforthenextcat.Howmanycanswillbeusedupinacat's15yearlifetimeinarecyclingeconomy?A．50.B．100.C．150.D．250.Ｋ★试题特点数据信息题一般需要根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算(加减乘除)，得出正确的结论。★解题思路Step1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体部分)；Step2：根据关键词定位信息句；Step3：尝试解答——根据信息句可知，在循环经济中，要养活一只存活15年的猫需要用掉150个罐。故选C。★名师点津(1)简单的数据可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基础，进行简单的运算。(2)数据较多的文章，通常采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。[即学即练]AForSale(出售)OnebedroomapartmentIt'snearNo.1HighSchool.Thereisapark，alibraryandasupermarketnearhere.Rightprice.Tel：86825044Time：10：00a．m.－4：00p．m.CityEnglishCenterGoodEnglishteachersgiveclassesfrom8：00a．m.to11：00a．m.onweekends.Classesare￥50anhou