2021学年高中英语Unit2BridgingCultures突破语法大冲关教师用书新人教版选择性必

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Unit2BridgingCultures名词性从句[观察例句]1.WhatseemedstrangebeforenowappearsquitenormaltoXieLei.2.It'simportantthatXieLeikeepsabalancebetweenherstudiesandhersociallife.3.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.4.Hertutorexplainedthatshewassupposedtoreadlotsofinformationtohelpformawiseopinionofherown.5.HemadeitquiteclearthathepreferredtostudyEnglish.6.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.[归纳用法]1.以上所有例句皆为主从复合句,句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。2.例句1为what引导的主语从句。例句2中it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面that引导的主语从句。3.例句3为why引导的表语从句。4.例句4为that引导的宾语从句。例句5中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为后面that引导的宾语从句。5.例句6为that引导的同位语从句。名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词有三个连词、五个连接代词、四个连接副词。连接词词形词义在从句中所作的成分连词that××if/whether是否×连接代词who(ever)(无论)谁(主格)主语、表语、宾语whom(ever)(无论)谁(宾格)表语、宾语whose(ever)(无论)谁的(所有格)定语what(ever)(无论)什么主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever)(无论)哪个主语、宾语、定语连接副词when(ever)(无论)什么时候状语where(ever)(无论)在哪里状语how(ever)(无论)怎样,怎么状语why为什么状语二、主语从句主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句,位置与陈述句的主语相同。Whatisnottooursatisfactionisthatthepriceofthemealisalittletoohigh.我们不满意的是饭菜的价格稍微有点高。Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。Whereweshallhavethemeetingmakesnodifference.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。1.that引导主语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分,仅起连接作用,但不可省略。Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。2.whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾,但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面需要用it作形式主语。Whetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldisnotcertainnow.运动会是否将举行现在不能确定。Whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.=Itisdoubtfulwhether/iftheworkcanbecompletedontime.这项工作能否按时完成还不确定。3.若主语部分结构较长,可以使用形式主语it,把真正的主语从句放于后面。Itisannouncedthatourschoolisgoingtostartanactivityof“CrazyEnglish”beforedailymorningexercises.学校通知每日早操前将开展“疯狂英语”活动。Itisnecessarythatpeopleshouldlearntofacethereality.人们应该学会面对现实是有必要的。[即学即练1]单句语法填空①Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.②Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.③Itisreportedthatanewfilmwillbeputoninthecinema.三、宾语从句在主从复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。Everyoneknowsthattheearthismadeupofmatter.每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。Idoubtwhetherhewillbeelectedaschairman.我怀疑他是否会当选为主席。Thesetwoareasaresimilarinthattheybothhavehighrainfallinsummer.这两个地区相似,因为在夏天降水都很多。I'mnotcertainwhetherthetrainwillarriveontime.我不确信火车是否将会按时到达。1.that引导宾语从句,既无语法功能,也无词汇意义,常被省略。但多个并列从句出现时,第一个that可以省略,其他的不能省略。Shesaid(that)shewouldcomehereandthatIshouldwaitforhertillMonday.她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一。2.if和whether引导宾语从句的区别:①在动词不定式之前只能用whether。②在whether...ornot的固定搭配中,只用whether。③在介词后,只能用whether。④作discuss的宾语时,只能用whether。⑤宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。3.带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面,而用it作形式宾语。4.表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词后习惯上先加个形式宾语it,再接宾语从句。例如:hate,dislike,love,don'tmind,feellike,appreciate,relyon,counton,seeto等。Wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishtheworktoday.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。5.宾语从句的否定转移:think,believe,suppose,imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idon'tthinkweneedtowastemuchtimeonit.我想我们不必在这上面浪费太多时间。(形式上否定)[即学即练2]单句语法填空①Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.②Oncewewerelefttodecidewhethertohaveapicnicinaparkorgotoamuseum.③IwanttobelikedandlovedforwhatIaminside.四、表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语,出现在连系动词之后,一般结构为“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishtheworkintime.问题在于我们是否能及时完成这项工作。1.that在引导表语从句时无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,仅起连接作用,不可以省略。Thefactremainsthatwearestillnotadvancedenough.事实依然是我们还是不够先进。2.whether可引导表语从句,但if却通常不用于引导表语从句。HisfirstquestionwaswhetherTomhadarrivedyet.他的首要问题是汤姆是否已经到达。3.引导表语从句的引导词还可用because,asif,asthough,as。Theskyisovercastwithdarkclouds.Itseemsasifitisgoingtorainsoon.天空乌云密布,似乎很快就要下雨了。[即学即练3]单句语法填空①Theproblemiswho/whomwecangettoreplaceher.②I'mafraidhe'smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichiswhyheneverfinishesanything.③Thesystemworkswellinthelab,butthequestioniswhetheritwillworkinreality.五、同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面,用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有:fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,promise,order,problem,belief,word,message,information,proof,announcement,desire,doubt,proposal,advice,possibility等。ThenewsthathewasadmittedtoPekingUniversityisexciting.他被北京大学录取了的消息真是令人激动。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.谁应当做这份工作,这个问题需要考虑。Ihavenoideathatyouhaveappliedforthepost.我不知道你已经申请了这个职位。[名师点津]同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,起连接作用that不作成分,只起连接作用,不可省略作主语或宾语,起连接作用;并且作从句的宾语时可省略whether/how/what起连接作用,其中whether不作成分,而how和what作成分不引导定语从句其他wh­类词作成分;起连接作用;有自己的含义,但与先行词无关作成分;起连接作用;没有自己的含义,但是代替先行词在从句中作成分Jimgottoknowthenewsthatthewholevillagewasingreatdanger.吉姆得知整个村子都处在极度危险中的消息。(that引导同位语从句,解释说明thenews的内容)Doyouknowthenews(that/which)Jimtoldme?你知道吉姆告诉我的那个消息吗?(that/which引导定语从句,且在从句中作宾语)[即学即练4]将下列句子合并为同位语从句①Willthesportsmeetingbeheldontime?Thequestionwillbediscussedtomorrow.Thequestionwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontimewillbediscussedtomorrow.②TheheadmasterwilljoinusinhikingthisSunday.Wearegladatthenews.WearegladatthenewsthattheheadmasterwilljoinusinhikingthisSunday.③AnewteacherwillteachusEnglishnextterm.Themessagereachedmeyesterday.ThemessagethatanewteacherwillteachusEnglishnexttermreachedmeyesterday.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Thereisnodoubtthathewil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