1定语从句知识点在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般位于先行词之后,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,引导定语从句,同时它又作定语从句的一个成分。使用什么样的关系词要根据先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分而定。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略,作宾语时在限定性定语从句中可省略,但如果直接置于介词之后作宾语,则不可省略。关系代词which或whom在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词一般可放在which或whom之前,也可放在从句原来的位子上,在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来位子上,而不放在which或whom之前。关系代词:1.who(指人,主格)在定语从句中who作主语。如:Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.这就是救了那个男孩的医生。Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardnowwillnotworkverywellinthefuture.现在学习不努力的学生将来也不会很好地工作。Itisdangeroustoletthechildrenwhoaren’toldenoughswimaloneintheriver.让那些年龄不够大的孩子们单独去河里游泳是危险的。ThisisthegirlwhoIthinkisagoodstudent.这就是我认为是个好学生的那个女孩。2(此处关系词只能用主格who,原因是先行词thegirl在定语从句中作了Ithink的宾语从句的主语,还原为:Ithinkthegirlisagoodstudent.可知是在定语从句中作主语。)2.whom(指人,宾格)在定语从句中作宾语。在限定性定语从句中通常可以省略,但如果直接置于介词之后作宾语,则不可省略。如:Theprofessor(whom)theywanttovisitispresidentoftheuniversity.他们想拜访的那位教授是这所大学的校长。Thefriend(whom)IwastravellingwithcouldspeakFrenchfluently.=ThefriendwithwhomIwastravellingcouldspeakFrenchfluently.和我一起旅行的朋友会讲流利的法语。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson(whom)shecouldturntoforhelp.=Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的街上,她连一个求助的人都找不到。Inthefactorytherearemorethanthreehundredworkers,50percentofwhomareyoungpeople.在那家工厂有三百多个工人,其中百分之五十是年轻人。3.whose(一般指人,也可指物,所有格)在定语从句中作定语。指物时可用ofwhich来替换。如:3Doyouknowtheboywhosebrotherworksinthegovernment?你认识他的哥哥在政府部门工作的那个男孩吗?WeiHuaisthestudentwhosehousecaughtfirelastnight.魏华就是昨天晚上他家着火的那个学生。ThisisthemanwhosesonIcalledonyesterday.这就是我昨天拜访过他儿子的那个人。Thebuildingwhoseroofwecanseefromhereisahotel.=Thebuilding,theroofofwhichwecanseefromhere,isahotel.=Thebuilding,ofwhichtheroofwecanseefromhere,isahotel.从这儿我们可以看见它的屋顶的那幢建筑是一家旅馆。Livinginahousewhosewallswereallmadeofglasswouldbeterrible.=Livinginahouse,thewallsofwhichwereallmadeofglass,wouldbeterrible.=Livinginahouse,ofwhichthewallswereallmadeofglass,wouldbeterrible.住在一幢所有的墙都是用玻璃建的房子里真可怕。4.which(一般指物)在定语从句中做主语或宾语。作宾语时,在限定性定语从句中通常可以省略,但如果直接置于介词之后作宾语,则不可省略。如:Thisisabookwhichreferstospacerockettechnology.这是一本论述宇宙火箭技术的书。Achemist’sshopisashopwhichsellsmedicine.药店就是卖药的商店。4Theletter(which)Ireceivedyesterdayisfromanoldfriendofmine.我昨天收到的信是我的一位老朋友寄来的。Thisisthecarfactory(which)wevisitedlastmonth.在就是我们上一个月参观的那家汽车工厂。Frompracticewecanlearnalotwhichcanhardlybelearntfrombooks.通过实践我们可以学到在书本中我们学不到的很多东西。Hehasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,whichIthinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.他有了一个新的发现,我认为这对科学非常重要。Thehouse(which)LuXunoncelivedinisnowtheLuXunMuseum.=ThehouseinwhichLuXunoncelivedisnowtheLuXunMuseum.鲁讯曾经住过的房子现在是鲁讯博物馆。InmyofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.在我的办公室,我好象要等到五点半之后才有时间,而到那时很多人都回家了。Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,whichcameasasurprise.艾丽丝受到了她老板的邀请信,这使她感到非常吃惊。注:Which用于引导非限制性定语从句,可以指代整个主语的内容。如:Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,whichwastrue.约翰说他一直在办公室工作了一个小时,这是真的。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.结果那天天气很好,这超出了我们的预料。5HesaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyIdoubtverymuch.他说十月之前就会把这个工作做好,我个人对此非常怀疑。5.that(指人或指物),常可代替who,whom,which在定语从句中做主语或宾语。作宾语时,在限定性定语从句中通常可以省略,但不能直接置于介词之后作宾语。在非限定性定语从句中通常不能用that引导定语从句。如:Itisdangeroustoletthechildrenwho/thataren’toldenoughswimaloneintheriver.让那些年龄不够大的孩子们单独去河里游泳是危险的。Theprofessor(whom)/(that)theywanttovisitispresidentoftheuniversity.他们想拜访的那位教授是这所大学的校长。Thisisabookwhich/thatreferstospacerockettechnology.这是一本论述宇宙火箭技术的书。Theletter(which)/(that)Ireceivedyesterdayisfromanoldfriendofmine.我昨天收到的信是我的一位老朋友寄来的。注:a.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。如:Thefriend(whom)/(that)IwastravellingwithcouldspeakFrenchfluently.=ThefriendwithwhomIwastravellingcouldspeakFrenchfluently.(错:ThefriendwiththatIwastravellingcouldspeakFrenchfluently.)和我一起旅行的朋友会讲流利的法语。6Thehouse(which)/(that)LuXunoncelivedinisnowtheLuXunMuseum.=ThehouseinwhichLuXunoncelivedisnowtheLuXunMuseum.(错:ThehoueinthatLuXunoncelivedisnowtheLUXunMuseum.)鲁讯曾经住过的房子现在是鲁讯博物馆。b.在下列情况下只能用that不能用which引导定语从句:I.序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时,只能用that。如:Heisthefirststudentthatcametoschooltoday.今天他是第一个到校上学的学生。ThefirstEnglishnovel(that)IreadwasATaleofTwoCitiesbyCharlesDickens.我读的第一本英语小说是狄更斯写的《双城记》。Thisisthetenthbottleofbeer(that)you’vedrunkthisevening.这已经是你今天晚上喝的第十瓶啤酒。Thisisthelongestbridge(that)Ihaveeverseen.这是我见过的最长的桥。Thisisthebiggesttigerthathaseverbeenshowninthezoo.这是动物园所展出的最大的老虎。II.当all(指物),every(指物),each(指物),everything,something,nothing,anything,(a)few(指物),(a)little(指物),much等不定代词作先行词或修饰先行词时,只能用that(例外:something后可用which引导定语从句)。如:7All(that)Iwanttosayiswrittenhere.我想说的都写在这儿。Allwarsthatareprogressivearejust.所有进步的战争都是正义的。Everything(that)wesawattheIndustrialExhibitiongreatlyinterestedme.我们在工业展览会上所见到的一切我都非常感兴趣。We’lldoeverythingthatisnecessary.我们将会做一切必要的事情。Isthereanything(that)youwanttobuyintown?你有什么想在城里购买的吗?Nothing(that)ateacherdoesdoesn’tinfluencehisstudents.一个老师所做是一切都会对他的学生产生影响。ProfessorLintoldussomething(that)/(which)weshoulddointhesummervacation.林教授给我们讲了我们在暑假中应该做的一些事。III.当先行词为theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时,只能用that。如:Englishistheonlysubjectthatinterestsme.英语是唯一使我感兴趣的科目。Thisistheverybook(that)I’mlookingfor.这正是我要找的那本书。8Thelastpla