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1Lesson7名词性从句问题层级图不能独立完成名词性从句解题目标层级图能够完成名词性从句解题LV3操作?2课前诊断1.Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto________winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomeverB.whereverC.whoeverD.whatever2.Sheaskedme________Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.A.whenB.whereC.whetherD.what3.Wemustfindout________Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.A.whenB.howC.whereD.why4.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snot________shipsarebuiltforA.whatB.whomC.whyD.when5.Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.A.whatB.thatC.whereD.who课中讲解一.判断名词性从句LV21.名词性从句的定义主从、表从、宾从在复合句中的功用和名词相同，分别作整个主句的主语、表语和宾语，整个从句相当于一个名词，这样的从句就叫做名词性从句。2.名词性从句的分类根据名词性从句在句中的不同作用可分为如下4类：（1）主语从句（2）表语从句（3）宾语从句（4）同位语从句【小试牛刀】辨析以下名词性从句的类型1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.2.Iknowthathewillcome.3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.5’M3’M3二.名词性从句连接词的用法LV21.主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。（1）that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；（2）连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用一般过去时或现在完成时的形式。常用句型如下：It+be+名词+that从句Itisasurprisethat…Itisafactthat…It'sagreatpitythattheydidn'tgetmarried.It+be+形容词+that从句Itisnecessarythat…ItisimportantthatIt'ssplendidthatyoupassedyourexam.It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句Itisbelievedthat…Itisknowntoallthat…It'ssaidthathehasbeentheremanytimes.It+不及物动词+that从句Itappearsthat…Ithappensthat…ItoccurredtomethatIthappenedthatadoctorwasonthetrainatthatverymoment.另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…4【小试牛刀】1.Itisimmediatelyclear________thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.2.________wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.3.Itisobvioustothestudents________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.2.宾语从句引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。由连接词that引导的宾语从句例如：HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。例如：Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：（1）引导主语从句时；Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.（2）引导表语从句时；Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?（3）引导宾语从句时；Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.（4）从句中有“ornot”时；3’M5Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.（5）后接动词不定式时。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?注意宾语从句中的时态呼应。例如：HestudiesEnglisheveryday.HestudiedEnglishlastterm.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.【小试牛刀】1.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate________theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.2.CouldIspeakto________isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?3.Theoldmanwassoangryandspokesofastthatnoneofhischildrenunderstood_______hesaidmeant3.表语从句引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用asif引导。其基本结构为：Itlooksasif…。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.That’sjustwhatIwant.Thisiswhereourproblemlies.Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.注意：3’M6Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.【小试牛刀】1.Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain________shewasandwaitforhermother.2.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas________wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.3.Whatmakestheschoolfamousis________manystudentsinthisschoolhavebeenadmittedtofamousuniversities.4.同位语从句同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。例如：Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.【小试牛刀】1.Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request________theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.2.ThereasonIplantogois________shewillbedisappointedifIdon’t.3.Theywerefacedwiththedemand________thistaxbeabolished.三.应用名词性从句的做题方法LV31．划分主从句LV3找从句:从句始于连接词，止于连接词后第二个谓语动词之前2．判断句子完整性LV3根据五大基本句型（主谓、主谓宾、主谓宾宾、主谓宾宾从、主系表）分析从句是否缺成分5’M3’M73．补充正确的连接词LV3掌握名词性从句的引导词从属连词that,whether,if连接代词（兼名词性）what,who,whom,which,wh+ever连接副词（兼副词性）when,where,how,why【小试牛刀】1.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbe________wearenow.A.howB.whenC.whereD.why2.Thisis________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficulti