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10转述紧扣主题攻略---概要写作语言优化攻略概要写作的评分原则之一是“对各要点表达的独立性情况”，即要用自己的语言表述原文要点，不能照抄原文的语句。同时各要点之间应注意利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇，使所写的句子连贯流畅。一、优化你的语言1．替换单词、短语在找出文中的要点后，利用替换单词、短语等方法来增强语言表达的独立性。①利用同义词(短语)或近义词(短语)代替原文单词或短语。②将原文动词短语转换为介词短语、名词短语替换成动词短语、动词转换为名词、形容词转换为副词等。2．调整句式除了用替换单词、短语等方式增强语言表达的独立性外，还可以采用灵活调整句式的方式达到语气目标。(1)长变短：压缩长的句子和词组，使其变得短小精悍，如两个简单句整合为一个并列句或主从复合句；复合句或并列句简化为简单句、从句简化为介词短语或者分词短语等。(2)主动变被动：主动句变为被动句式，更生动更符合英语表达。(3)善用定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、倒装句、强调句、省略句等丰富的句型结构等。二、恰当过渡衔接概要写作的评分标准之一是上下文的连贯性，要求你有效运用一定的衔接手段。3种使上下文连贯的衔接手段①词汇衔接：运用原词、近义词或反义词、上下义词等的复现。满分攻略②逻辑衔接：利用表逻辑关系的过渡词衔接上下文，如besides,inaddition,therefore等，在选用过渡衔接词时，应考虑前后句子之间的内在逻辑关系。③语法衔接：常见的语法衔接有替代和省略。替代：用代词替代前面的名词(短语)和句子，用助动词代替前面的动词(短语)。省略：在语境表达清晰的情况下，为了表达简洁，省略上文或下文的某个词句。【写作演示】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。(2019年6月，浙江高考)Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal，”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacasebycasebasisandbeproportionate相称的childhasputintoit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【概要思路点拨】第1步读懂原文，明确篇章结构本文是议论文，提出当前父母对孩子进行过度赞扬和不表扬是同样有害的，正确的做法是找到其闪光点进行适度的表扬，以培养其自信乐观的心态。文章四个自然段，就是4个意义段，对应4个要点。第一段：指出过度表扬不利于孩子的成长。第二段：对孩子的表扬不足同样有害。第三段：对孩子的表扬要恰当而且适时。第四段：关注孩子的努力，不必太过关注结果。第2步去次留精，提炼关键信息本文关键信息已在文中用画线和阴影形式体现，其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键词，其他则为次要信息。第3步归纳要点，合理转换表达采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：①第一段主题句可归纳为要点1：该要点中的“theopposite”可利用同义表达改为contraryto；“stayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem”(指的是父母对孩子过度表扬而设定的目标)可转换为unrealisticgoals。②第二段主题句可归纳为要点2：该要点中的“Notgivingenoughpraise”可转换为inadequatepraise;“they'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcare”可转换为theyarenotdoingwellortheyareignored。第4步句式多样，注意过渡衔接句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词、定语从句和名词性从句，归纳整合要点。要点1指出过度表扬不利于孩子的成长，而要点2说明对孩子的表扬不足同样有害，由此前两个要点为转折关系，可利用however衔接；第3个要点说明要给予恰当适时的表扬，由此可知该要点与前两个要点是因果关系可利用therefore衔接；第3个要点中的恰当适时的表扬与第4个要点中的表扬努力为并列关系，可利用表“并列，顺承”的过渡衔接词汇，如besides,additionally等。【参考范文】Contrarytothepast,someparentsarelikelytooverpraisetheirkids,makingthemfeelgivenunrealisticgoals.(要点1)However，othersgivetheirkidsinadequatepraise,whichgivesthemafalseideathattheyarenotdoingwellortheyareignored.(要点2)Therefore，praisingthemproperlyandpunctuallyisdefinitelyfavorable.(要点3)Additionally，todosoparentsareadvisedtofocusontheirkids'effortinsteadoftheresult.(要点4)（宁波市2020年新高考适应性考试）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams,thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage,buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatter.经典演练Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsense.Ittakesthemostcool-headeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsreducingthepossibilityofquarrelingandfighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgood:willandbecomessonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchbehaviorsofpolitenessarebynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaynotbeabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.Anexperienceddriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnedtocorrectlyjoinintrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings.Unfortunately,modemdriverscan'tevenlearntodrive,letalonemastertheroadmanship.Yearsago,expertswarmedusthatthefastincreaseofthecarownershipwoulddemandmoregive-and-take(互让)fromallro