3.4.3第1课时去括号知识点1去括号法则1.-(a-b+c)去括号的结果是()A.-a+b-cB.-a-b+cC.-a+b+cD.a+b-c2.2017·上杭县期中下列去括号中,正确的是()A.-2(a-3)=-2a-6B.-2(a+3)=-2a+6C.-2(a+3)=-2a-6D.-2(a-3)=-2a+33.下列去括号正确的是()A.x-(-y-z)=x+y-zB.x-(y+z)=x-y+zC.x+(y-z)=x+y-zD.x-(-y+z)=x-y-z4.去括号:(1)2a-(b-c-1)=____________;(2)(-c-d)-(a-b)=____________.5.判断下列去括号是否正确.(1)3x2-(2x-y-z)=3x2-2x-y-z;()(2)a+(-2b+4c-3)=a-2b+4c-3;()(3)-(m-n)+(x-y)=-m-n+x-y;()(4)(2a-3b)-2(3x-y+2z)=2a-3b-6x+y-2z.()知识点2去括号法则在整式化简中的应用6.化简:-2a2-[3a2-(a-2)]=____________.7.先去括号,再合并同类项.(1)3(5a+4)-(3a-10);(2)6x2-2xy-23x2+12xy.8.化简(2x-3y)-3(4x-2y)的结果为()A.-10x-3yB.-10x+3yC.10x-9yD.10x+9y9.把多项式x5-(-4x4y+5xy4)-6(-x3y2+x2y3)去括号后按字母x的降幂排列为________.10.化简求值:(5a2-3b2)-[(a2-2ab-b2)-(5a2-2ab-3b2)],其中a=13,b=-1.11.做大、小长方体纸盒的尺寸如下(单位:cm):长宽高小纸盒2a3bc大纸盒3a4b2c(1)做大纸盒比做小纸盒多用多少平方厘米材料?(2)当a=10,b=5,c=2时,做这两个纸盒共用多少平方厘米材料?12.如图3-4-3所示,a,b,c表示数轴上的三个有理数,化简|a+c|+|b-a|-|c-b|.图3-4-31.A[解析]-(a-b+c)=-a+b-c.2.C3.C[解析]x-(-y-z)括号前面是负号,去括号后括号里的-y,-z应都变号,应该等于x+y+z,故A选项错误.x-(y+z)括号前面是负号,去括号后括号里的y,+z应都变号,应该等于x-y-z,故B选项错误.x+(y-z)=x+y-z,C选项正确.x-(-y+z)括号前面是负号,去括号后括号里的-y,+z应都变号,应该等于x+y-z,故D选项错误.故选C.4.(1)2a-b+c+1(2)-c-d-a+b5.(1)×(2)√(3)×(4)×6.-5a2+a-27.解:(1)原式=15a+12-3a+10=12a+22.(2)原式=6x2-2xy-6x2-xy=-3xy.8.B9.x5+4x4y+6x3y2-6x2y3-5xy4[解析]x5-(-4x4y+5xy4)-6(-x3y2+x2y3)=x5+4x4y-5xy4+6x3y2-6x2y3=x5+4x4y+6x3y2-6x2y3-5xy4.10.解:原式=9a2-5b2.当a=13,b=-1时,原式=1-5=-4.11.解:(1)做小纸盒所用的材料为2(2a·3b+2ac+3bc)=(12ab+4ac+6bc)cm2,做大纸盒所用的材料为2(3a·4b+3a·2c+4b·2c)=(24ab+12ac+16bc)cm2,故做大纸盒比做小纸盒多用材料:24ab+12ac+16bc-(12ab+4ac+6bc)=(12ab+8ac+10bc)cm2.(2)当a=10,b=5,c=2时,做这两个纸盒共用材料:(12ab+4ac+6bc)+(24ab+12ac+16bc)=36ab+16ac+22bc=36×10×5+16×10×2+22×5×2=2340(cm2).12.解:由数轴可知:a+c0,b-a0,c-b0,所以|a+c|+|b-a|-|c-b|=-(a+c)+(b-a)-[-(c-b)]=-a-c+b-a+c-b=-2a.