上海市浦东新区2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题(含解析)Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabulary17%SectionA8%Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ThewaywetellstorieshasnaturallychangedsinceAristotledefinedtherulesoftragedyabout2,500yearsago.Accordingtohim,theroleofstorytellingistoimitatelifeandmakeusfeelemotions.Andthat’sexactlywhatstorytellingasweknowithasdoneverywellsincethen.Butthereisanaspectoflife___1___storytellingcouldneverreallyreproduce.Itisthenotionofchoices.Choicesareaveryimportantpartofourlives.Weasindividuals___2___(define)bythechoiceswemake.Asaninteractivewriter,___3___(fascinate)withtheideaofrecreatingthisnotionofchoicesinfiction,Ihavetriedtoputtheaudienceintheshoesofthemaincharacters.___4___(explore)awaytoachievethisiswhatIdidinthepast20yearsofmylife.Sodoyouhaveanideaof___5___myworkisaboutasaninteractivewriter?Whereawriterneedstodealwithtimeandspace,asaninteractivewriter,Ineedtodealwithtime,spaceandpossibilities.Ineedtothinkaboutallthepossibilities___6___thecharacterscouldencounterdifferentpeopleanddifferentthingsinagivensceneandtrytoimagineeverythingthat___7___happen.Theinteractivewriter’sexperienceisveryunique,___8___itistheresultofthecooperationbetweenawritercreatingthisnarrativelandscapeandtheplayermakinghisowndecisions,tellinghisownstoryandbecomingthecowriterbutalsothecoactorandthecodirectorofthestory.Interactivestorytellingisarevolutioninthewaywetellstories.【答案】1.that2.aredefined3.fascinated4.Exploring5.what6.that7.may8.because【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,作者讲述了自己作为互动作家的独特经历。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意:但生活中有一个方面是讲故事永远无法重现的。分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句,主句以therebe开头,先行词为物,且从句中缺少reproduce的宾语时常用that或which引导定语从句,故填that。【2题详解】考查时态语态。句意:我们作为个体是由我们所做的选择所定义的。individuals与define之间是被动关系,且为一般情况,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,故填aredefined。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一个互动的作家,我着迷于在小说中再现这种选择的概念,我试着让读者站在主要人物的立场上思考。befascinatedwith表示“着迷于”,此处去掉be作状语,故填fascinated。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:探索实现这一目标的方法是我过去20年里一直所做的事情。此处用动名词作主语,故填Exploring。【5题详解】考查宾语从句。句意:你知道作为互动作家我的工作是什么吗?此处为跟在of后的宾语从句,从句中的about缺少宾语,故填what。【6题详解】考查同位语从句。句意:我需要考虑角色在给定场景中遇到不同的人和事的所有可能性,并试着想象可能发生的一切。分析句子结构可知,此处为同位语从句,从句结构完整,用that解释说明possibilities的内容,故填that。【7题详解】考查情态动词。句意参考上题解析,根据句意可知此处表示“可能”,故填may。【8题详解】考查连词。句意:互动作家的经历是非常独特的,因为它是创作叙事场景的作家和做出自己的决定的玩家之间合作的结果。前后是因果关系,此处表示原因,故填because。SectionB9%Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Thebrainisaseeminglyendlesslibrary,whoseshelveshouseourmostpreciousmemories.Toallownewmemoriestoform,oldinformationissometimespushedoutofthebrain.Previousstudieshaveshownthatlearningnewinformationcanleadto____9____.Butinanewstudy,researchersshowedforthefirsttimehowthiseffect____10____inthebrain.Indailylife,forgettingactuallyhasclear____11____.Imagine,forinstance,thatyoulostyourbankcard.Thenewcardyoureceivewillcomewithanewpersonalidentificationnumber(PIN).EachtimeyourememberthenewPIN,yougraduallyforgettheoldone.Thisprocessimprovesaccessto____12____information,withoutoldmemoriesinterfering.Andmostofusmaysometimesfeel____13____whenoldmemoriesinterferewithnew,relevantmemories.Considertryingtorememberwhereyouparkedyourcarinthesamecarparkyouwereataweekearlier.Thistypeofmemoryisparticularlyinterfering.Whenwegetnewinformation,thebrainautomaticallytriestocombineitwithexistinginformationby____14____associations.Andwhenweretrieve(检索)information,boththedesiredand____15____butirrelevantinformationisrecalled.Themajorityofpreviousresearchhasfocusedonhowwelearnandremembernewinformation.Butcurrentstudiesarebeginningtoputgreater____16____ontheconditionsunderwhichweforget,asitsimportancebeginstobemoreappreciated.Averysmallnumberofpeopleareabletorememberalmosteverydetailoftheirlife.Thoughitmaysoundlikeanadvantagetomany,peoplewiththisrareconditionoftenfindtheir____17____abilitytroublesome.Inasense,normalforgettingmayhelptoensureourbraindoesn’tbecometoofull.【答案】9.D10.G11.F12.H13.B14.E15.A16.C17.J【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了在一项新的研究中,研究人员首次展示了学习新信息会导致遗忘这种效应是如何在大脑中发生的。【9题详解】句意:以前的研究表明,学习新信息会导致遗忘。可根据第二段第一句得出forgetting,表示“遗忘”,故选D。【10题详解】句意:在一项新的研究中,研究人员首次展示了这种效应是如何在大脑中发生的。根据后文可知文章介绍了遗忘是如何发生的,occur表示“发生”,故选G。【11题详解】句意:在日常生活中,遗忘其实有明显的好处。根据本段末句withoutoldmemoriesinterfering.可知,此处介绍了遗忘的好处。advantages表示“好处”,故选F。【12题详解】句意:这个过程改善了对相关信息的获取,而不受记忆的干扰。relevant表示“相关的”,故选H。【13题详解】句意:当旧的记忆干扰新的相关记忆时,我们大多数人有时会感到尴尬。embarrassed表示“尴尬的”,故选B。【14题详解】句意:当我们获取新信息时,大脑会自动地将其和现有信息形成关联。forming表示“形成”,故选E。【15题详解】句意:当我们检索信息时,我们想要的和相关但无关紧要的信息都会被回想起来。associated表示“相关的”,故选A。【16题详解】句意:但目前的研究更加强调我们遗忘的条件。根据后文itsimportancebeginstobemoreappreciated.可知人们越来越重视其重要性,所以用emphasis表示“强调”,故选C。【17题详解】句意:虽然这听起来对很多人来说像一种优势,但有这种罕见情况人经常会发现他们不同寻常的能力很麻烦。根据后文normalforgettingmayhelptoensureourbraindoesn’tbecometoofull.可知不忘是一种不同寻常的能力,unusual表示“不同寻常的”,故选J。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension30%SectionA10%Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.In1986,thedrugcompanyJohnson&