上海市卢湾高级中学2019届高三英语下学期三月月考试题(含解析)II.GrammarandVocabularySectionABirthdayfactsManycenturiesago,birthdayswereconsideredatimewhenthebadspiritswereabletoharmyou.Itwasbelievedthatyoushouldhaveyourfriendsandfamilyaroundyou_____1_____theirgoodwishesandpresent-givingwouldkeepthebadspiritsaway.Peoplealsobelievedthat,bylightingcandles,theyweresendingasignalorwishestothegods.Lateron,candlesstarted___2___(use)onbirthdaycakes.Onestoryaboutthebeginningsofthebirthdaycakeis____3____itstartedwiththeGreeks,whomaderoundcakes___4___(represent)thefullmoonfortheirmoongoddess.Theyalsoplacedcandlesonthecaketomakeitlight,againlikethemoon.However,theGermansaresaidtohavefirstusedcakesandcandles.Theyusedasweetcakeandtheyputalargecandleinthecentreofthecaketomean“thelightoflife”.The“HappyBirthday”songismorethanahundredyearsold.Themusicwaswrittenin1893bytwosisters,PattyandMildredHill,____5____wereschoolteachersinLouisville,Kentucky.Themusicwasfirstusedasamorninggreetingtotheirstudents____6____(entitle)“GoodMorningToAll”.In1935,thewordslegally____7____(belong)totheHillsisters,andthecopyrighthasbeenboughtandsoldformillionsofdollarseversince.ThepresentcopyrightisownedbyWarnerCommunications.Theyboughtitin1989____8____morethan$22million.‘HappyBirthdaytoyou’____9____(recognize)aroundtheworldandhasbeentranslatedintomanydifferentlanguages.Andchildrenstilllovetomakenewversionsof____10____.【答案】1.sothat2.tobeused3.that4.representing5.who6.entitled7.belonged8.for9.hasbeenrecognized10.it【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。讲述了生日蛋糕和蜡烛的由来以及生日快乐歌的来源和创作人。数世纪前生日是为了驱除恶灵对人的伤害,人们通过点生日蜡烛向上帝发送信号或许愿。后来希腊人流传着将蜡烛插在蛋糕上代表月亮,但据说德国人才是最先使用生日蛋糕和蜡烛的人,他们将蜡烛插在蛋糕中间比喻生命之光。【1题详解】考查结果状语从句。句意:据说,你应该让你朋友和家人围着你,以便他们美好的祝愿和送礼物会使坏精灵走开。前半句youshouldhaveyourfriendsandfamilyaroundyou是原因,后半句应该填表示解释结果的连词。sothat…以便;故填sothat。【2题详解】考查不定式的被动用法。句意:随后,蜡烛开始被使用在生日蛋糕上。starttodosth.开始做某事。此处是蜡烛开始被使用,因此要用被动用法。故填tobeused。【3题详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意:一个关于生日蛋糕起源的故事是它起源于希腊人。Onestory是主语,谓语是系动词is,that引导宾语从句itstartedwiththeGreeks,并在句中不充当成分。故填that。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:希腊人给月神做圆蛋糕象征着满月。makesb./sth.do用法,此处represent与蛋糕cakes是主动关系,采用doing的形式。故填representing。【5题详解】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。这歌在1893年由两姐妹PattyandMildredHill创作,她们是肯塔基州路易斯维尔的教师。分析句子成分,先行词twosisters,PattyandMildredHill,在非限制性定语从句缺少了主语,故填关系词who。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这歌曲起初被用来作为早晨问候给学生打招呼,取名为“所有人早上好”。music作为amorninggreeting与entitle是被动关系,entitle应是过去分词的形式,故填entitled。【7题详解】考查时态和语态。theHillsisters句意:1935年,这歌曲在法律上属于Hillsisters。belongto意为“属于”,无被动形式,时态为一般过去时,该用过去式,故填belonged。【8题详解】考查介词。句意:在1989年他们花了2200多美元买下它。formorethan$22million,for+价格表示花了多少钱,故填介词for。【9题详解】考查现在完成时的被动用法。句意:“生日快乐”现在已经被认可并被翻译成为许多不同的语言。and连接并列谓语动词,hasbeentranslatedinto是现在完成时的被动,分析句子可知,此处也该用现在完成时的被动,has后面是过去分词,recognized意为“认可”,故填hasbeenrecognized。【10题详解】考查代词。句意:并且所有孩子仍热衷于创作这歌的新版本。it指代上文的歌曲“祝你生日快乐”,指代上文出现的同一事物,故填it。【点睛】belongto属于;是…….成员。它的主要用法:(1)不可用于进行时,如:Thecarbelongstohermother.错误用法:Thecarisbelongingtohermother.(2)不可用于被动语态,其过去分词也不可用作后置定语。如:如:DoesthebagbelongtoJane?错误用法:IsthebagbelongedtoJane?Haveyouseenthepenwhichbelongstome?错误用法:Haveyouseenthepenbelongedtome?SectionBThefollowingpassageisfromtheHitch-hiker’sGuidetotheGalaxy’sbyDouglasAdams.Itisanimportantand____11____factthatthingsarenotalwayswhattheyseem.Forinstance,ontheplanetEarth,manhasalways____12____thathewasmoreintelligentthandolphinsbecausehehadachievedsomuch---thewheel,NewYork,warsandsoon—whileallthedolphinshadeverdonewasmuchaboutinthewaterhavingagoodtime.Andviceversa;thedolphinshadalwaysbelievedtheywerefarmoreintelligentthanman—for____13____thesamereason.Curiouslyenough,thedolphinshadlongknownofthe____14____destructionoftheplanetEarth,andhadmademanyattemptsto____15____mankindtothedanger;butmostoftheir____16____weremisinterpretedasamusingattemptstopunchfootballsorwhistleforfood,sothey____17____gaveupandlefttheEarthshortlybeforetheVogonsarrived.Thelastevendolphinmessagewasmisinterpretedasa(n)____18____difficultattempttodoadouble-backwardssomersault(筋斗)throughahoopwhilewhistlingTheStar-SpangledBanner,butinfactthemessagewasthis:Solongandthanksforthefish.Infacttherewasonlyonespeciesontheplanetmoreintelligentthandolphins,andtheyspentalotoftimeinresearchlaboratoriesrunningaroundinsidewheelsand____19____frighteningexperimentsonman.Thefactthatonceagainmancompletelymisinterpretedthisrelationshipwasentirelyaccordingtotheplansofthese____20____.【答案】11.H12.C13.I14.B15.A16.D17.G18.J19.E20.F【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。这篇文章选自道格拉斯·亚当斯的科幻文学《银河系漫游指南》。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意:一个重要而普遍的事实是,事物并非总是如它们所看上去的那样。important重要的,形容词,由and连接两个并列形容词修饰名词fact,popular普遍的,流行的,故选H。【12题详解】考查动词。句意:人类总是认为自己比海豚聪明,因为他们创造了如此之多的成就——车轮、纽约、战争等——而海豚所做的全部事情就是在水中游荡度过美好时光。has+过去分词构成现在完成时,assume“假定;设想”,过去分词为assumed,故选C。【13题详解】考查副词。句意:但另一方面,海豚总是认为自己比人类聪明得多——基于几乎完全相同的原因。precisely“几乎;恰恰,精确地”,副词,修饰形容词same,故选I。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意:非常奇怪的是,海豚早就知道了地球日益迫近的毁灭命运。此处是the+adj.+n.结构,approaching“到来的,来临的”,形容词,修饰名词destruction,故选B。【15题详解】考查动词。句意:而且他们费了很大的努力来警告人类这一危机。makeattemptstodosth.“尝试做……”alter“警告,使警觉”,故选A。【16题详解】考查名词。句意:但是它们大部分的信息传递都被人类误读为有趣的顶球尝试或是为了食物而吹的口哨。代词their“他(它)们的”,后常接名词复数,communication沟通,故选D。【17题详解】考查副词。句意:所以,它们最终放弃了努力,在沃贡人到达地球之前不久通过它们自己的方式离开了地球。eventually“最终地”,副词,修饰短语giveup,故选G