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精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜测绘工程专业英语翻译篇一：测绘工程专业英语课文翻译Unit9BasicStatisticalAnalysisofRandomErrors（随机误差的统计学基本分析）Randomerrorsarethosevariablesthatremainaftermistakesaredetectedandeliminatedandallsystematicerrorshavebeenremovedorcorrectedfromthemeasuredvalues.【eliminate】后，并且所有系统误差被从测量值中移除或修正后，保留下的那些变量【variable变量、变化n.】）Theyarebeyondthecontroloftheobserver.Sotherandomerrorsareerrorstheoccurrenceofwhichdoesnotfollowadeterministicpattern.确定性的】模式【pattern】而发生的误差）Inmathematicalstatistics,theyareconsideredasstochasticvariables,anddespitetheirirregularbehavior,thestudyofrandomerrorsinanywell-conductedmeasuringprocessorexperimenthasindicatedthatrandomerrorsfollowthefollowingempiricalrules:【mathematicalstatistics】中，它们被当成随机变量【stochasticvariable】，尽管它们的行为无规律，在任一正确的【well-conducted原意为品行端正的，这精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜里指测量实验和活动是无误的】测量活动和实验中，对的随机误差的研究显示【indicate】随机误差遵循以下经验法则【empirical⑴Arandomerrorwillnotexceedacertainamount.（随即误差不会超过一个确定的值）⑵Positiveandnegativerandomerrorsmayoccuratthesamefrequency.（正负误差出现的频率相同）⑶Errorsthataresmallinmagnitudearemorelikelytooccurthanthosethatarelargerinmagnitude.比数值大的误差出现可能性大【belikelyto可能】）⑷Themeanofrandomerrorstendstozeroasthesamplesizetendstoinfinite.随机误差的平均值趋近于0）Inmathematicalstatistics,randomerrorsfollowstatisticalbehaviorallawssuchasthelawsofprobability.【statistical】行为【behavioral行为的】规律，如概率法则）Acharacteristictheoreticalpatternoferrordistributionoccursuponanalysisofalargenumberofrepeatedmeasurementsofaquantity,whichconformtonormalorGaussiandistribution.观测分析【analysisn.】中的误差分布的一个特征理论模式，遵照【conformto遵照】正态或高斯分布）【在对一个量进行大精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜量重复观测分析后，得到一个误差分布的理论特征——正态或高斯分布】Theplotoferrorsizesversusprobabilitieswouldapproachasmoothcurveofthecharacteristicbell-shape.与……相对】概率的关系图，接近一条光滑的特有的【characteristic特有的】钟形曲线。）Thiscurveisknownasthenormalerrordistributioncurve.称为正态分布曲线）Itisalsocalledtheprobabilitydensityfunctionofanormalrandomvariable.【probabilitydensity】函数）Itisimportanttonoticethatthetotalareaoftheverticalbarsforeachplotequals1.Thisistruenomatterthevalueofn(thenumberofsinglecombinedmeasurements),andthustheareaunderthesmoothnormalerrordistributioncurveisequalto1.量数目【独立观测数】）是多少，在光滑的误差正态分布曲线下的面积都是1。）Ifaneventhasaprobabilityof1,itiscertaintooccur,andthereforetheareaunderthecurverepresentsthesumofalltheprobabilitiesoftheoccurrenceoferrors.线下方的面积代表了所有误差发生的概率。）Anumberofpropertiesthatrelatearandomvariable精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜anditsprobabilitydensityfunctionareusefulinourunderstandingofitsbehavior.具【property】与随机变量和它的概率密度函数有关，有助于我们理解它的行为）Meanandstandarddeviationaretwomostpopularstatisticalpropertiesofarandomvariable.计工具【property】）Generally,arandomvariablewhichisnormallydistributedwithameanandstandarddeviationcanbewritteninsymbolformasN(μ,σ2).地，一个通常由平均值和标准偏差描述的随机变量可以用符号【symbol】表示为N(μ,σ2Theycanbeexplainedasfollows.Mean:Themostcommonlyusedmeasureofcentraltendencyisthemeanofasetofdata(asample).【measure】就是一系列数据（一个样本）的平均值）Theconceptofmeanreferstothemostprobablevalueoftherandomvariable.Itisalsocalledbyanyoftheseveralterms—expectation,expectedvalue,meanoraverage.平均值或平均值）ThemeanisdefinedasWherexiaretheobservations,nisthesamplesize,ortotalnumberofobservationsinthesample,andxisthemeanwhichisalsocalledmost精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜probablevalue(MPV).测值的总数，x是平均值，经常被称为最或是值（MPV）TheMPVistheclosestapproximationtothetruevaluethatcanbeeasilyachievedfromasetofdata.【approximation】，可以很容易由一系列数据得到。）Itcanbeshownthatthearithmeticmeanofasetofindependentobservationsisanunbiasedestimateofthemeanμofthepopulation.以看出【Itcanbeshownthat】一系列独立【independent】观测值的算数平均值【arithmeticmean】是一个样本【population】的期望值μ的无偏估计【unbiasedestimate】。）Standarddeviationisanumericalvalueindicatingtheamountofvariationaboutacentralvalue.指示【indicate】相对于中值的偏离）Inordertoappreciatetheconceptuponwhichindices【index的复数】ofprecisiondevolveonemustconsiderameasurethattakesintoaccountallthevaluesinasetofdata.（考虑一系列数据的所有值精度指标必需顾及一个量，这个量考虑到【takesintoaccount考虑】一组【asetof】数据的所有值）Suchameasureisthedeviationfromthemeanxofeachobservedvaluexii.e.(xi-x),andthemeanofthe精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜squaresofthedeviationsmaybeused,andthisiscalledthevarianceσ2,的离差【deviation】，也就是，(xi-x)，离差的平方的平均值被采用，称之为方差σ2）Whereμisthemean(expectation)ofthepopulation.体【样本】的平均值（期望值）。）篇二：测绘工程专业英语翻译1~6Uuit1WhatisGeomatics?（什么是测绘学）GeomaticsDefined（测绘学定义）WheredoesthewordGeomaticscomefrom?（Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICSorGEO-forearthand–MATICSformathematicalorGEO-forGeoscienceand-MATICSforinformatics.（大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMATICS测绘学或者geo代表地球，matics代表数学，或者geo代表地球科学，matics代表信息学）Ithasbeensaidthatgeomaticsismanythingstomanypeople.（据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解）ThetermgeomaticsemergedfirstinCanadaandasanacademicdiscipline;ithasbeenintroducedworldwideinanumberofinstitutesofhighereducationduringthepastfewyears,mostlybyrenamingwhatwaspreviouslycalled“geodesy”or“surveying”,andbyaddinganumberof精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档，远离加班熬夜computerscienceand/orGIS-orientedcourses.（这个术语作为一个学科第一次形成于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大地测量学”或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和GIS方向的课程后重新命名的。）Nowthetermincludesthetraditionalsurveyingdefinitionalongwithsur