机械工程导论(双语)课件1

LOGOmechanicalengineeringAnintroductionto1Lecturer:LiuJu-rongCHAPTER1TheMechanicalEngineeringProfessionOVERVIEW1WHATISENGINEERING?23WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?2CAREERPATHS4TYPYCALPROGRAMOFSTUDY5Vocabulary3internalcombustionengine内燃机roboticweldingequipment机械手焊接装置prostheticlimb弥补性的，置换的，假肢jetengine喷气式发动机physicalquantity物理量trillionfold百万兆（1012）autofocuslens自聚焦透镜rowingmachine划船机stairclimber爬楼梯机drillpress台钻Vocabulary4turbopump涡轮泵turbines汽轮机condenser压缩机SpaceShuttle航天飞机robot机器人machinetool机床materialshandlingsystem物料搬运系统industrialproductionequipment工业生产装备accelerationsensor加速度传感器1OVERVIEW----disciplineofmechanicalengineering5machinecomponentsforcesmaterialsenergymotiondesignWhatelements”isconcernedinthedisciplineofmechanicalengineering?6FIGURE1.1Mechanicalengineersdesignandtestcomplexhighspeedmachinerysuchasthisdieselpowerplant（柴油机动力装置）forhighwayconstructionequipment．Source：ReprintedcourtesyofCaterpillarInc.1OVERVIEW---anexampleofmechanicalengineersdesign1OVERVIEW----mechanicalpowerrange710-3W103W106W109W1WAthleteAutomobileenginePowerplantWatt10-3hp103hp106hp1hpUltrasonicmotorMachinetoolsShuttlefuelpumpHorsepowerFIGURE1.2Mechanicalengineersworkwithmachinestheproduceorconsumepoweroveraremarkablywiderange8FIGURE1.3Close-upviewofaSpaceShuttlemainengineduringattestinwhichitisswiveledtoevaluatesteeringperformanceduringsimulatedflightconditions.Source：ReprintedwithpermissionofNASA．1OVERVIEW----anexampleofmechanicalhighpower1OVERVIEW---Theabilitytobeavailableinthischapter9Afterstudy,whatshouldyoubeabletohave?Describethedifferencesbetweenengineersandscientistsandmathematicians.Describethetypeofworkthatmechanicalengineersdo,andlistsomeofthetechnicalissuesthattheyaddress.Discussthetypesofindustriesandgovernmentalagenciesthatemploymechanicalengineers.Listsomeoftheproducts,processes,andhardwarewithwhichmechanicalengineerswork.Describenotableachievementsofthemechanicalengineeringprofession.Understandthestructureandobjectivesofatypicalcurriculumformechanicalengineeringstudents.2WHATISENGINEERING?---BasicconceptsWhatisengineering?Whoisengineer?10ThewordengineeringderivesfromtheLatinrootingeniere,meaningtodesignortodevise,whichalsoformsthebasisofthewordingenious.Engineersapplytheirknowledgeofmathematics,science,materials,andphysicalprinciples--aswellastheirskillsincommunicationsandbusiness--inordertodevelopnewandbetterproductsandmachines.Ratherthanexperimentsolelythroughtrialanderror,anengineerdesignsfaster,moreaccurately,andmoreeconomicallybyusingmathematics,computers,andscienceasresources.112WHATISENGINEERING?---anexampleFIGURE1.4Aremarkableengineeringachievement,theSpaceShuttleAtlantisthundersintoorbitasitstwinsolidrocketboostersandthreemainenginesproduce7millionpoundsofthrust.Source：ReprintedwithpermissionofNASA．2WHATISENGINEERING?----engineers’skillcombination12EngineeringScienceComputersimulationHardwareMathematicsFIGURE1.5Engineerscombinetheirskillsinmathematics,science,computers,andhardware.2WHATISENGINEERING?---traditionaldisciplines13mechanicalelectricalmaterialscivilchemicalthetraditionaldisciplinesofengineering2WHATISENGINEERING?----workingfieldsofengineers14FIGURE1.6Percentagesofengineersworkinginvariousengineeringfields.Allotherengineers28%Electricalandelectronics24%Mechanical15%Civil13%Industrial9%Aerospace4%Chemical3%Materials1%Petroleum1%Nuclear1%Mining1%3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---definition15Theyalsodeveloppower-usingmachinessuchasrefrigerationandair-conditioningequipment,robotsusedinmanufacturing,machinetools,materialshandlingsystems,andindustrialproductionequipment.Mechanicalengineersresearch,develop,design,manufactureandtesttools,engines,machines,andothermechanicaldevices.Theyworkonpower-producingmachinessuchaselectricity-producinggenerators,internalcombustionengines,steamandgasturbines,andjetandrocketengines.16FIGURE1.7Robotsareextensivelyusedinautomatedindustrialassemblylinesandinmanufacturingapplicationsthatrequireprecisionwhenrepetitivetasksarebeingperformed,asintheassemblyandarcweldingoperationsshownhere.Source:ReprintedwithpermissionofFANUCRoboticsNorthAmericaInc.3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?---anexample17automobilesaircraftventilationimplantsreplacementheartvalvesequipmentfordetectingexplosivesroboticmanufacturingsystemsjetenginesThefieldofMechanicalEngineersmicroelectro-mechanicalcomputerharddrivesplanetaryexplorationandcommunicationsspacecraftdeep-searesearchvesselsair-conditioningsystemscellphonesheavyconstructionequipmentartificialhipheatingAccelerationsensors3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?--------workingfieldsofmechanicalengineers3WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?------mechanicalengineering’smajorachievements181).Theautomobile2).TheApolloprogram3).Powergeneration4).Agriculturalmechanization5).Theairplane6).Integratedcircuitmassproduction7).Air-Conditioningandrefrigeration8).Computer-aidedengineeringtechnology9).Bioengineering10).CodesandstandardsWhatisthemechanicalengineering'stopteninthetwentiethcentury?193WHOAREMECHANICALENGINEERS?----theautomobileFIGURE1.8Onaday-to-daybasis,mechanicaleng