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山西省永济中学2018-2019高二英语下学期期末考试试题(本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。考查范围与高考相同。）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题，每小题3分，共45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATherearemanyuniversitiesthathavebeeninexistenceforalongtimeandarestillverypopularfortheirqualityeducation.Thefollowingarethreeofthem.UniversityofOxford,EnglandThefoundationyearofthisuniversityisaround1096.Thereisevidenceofteachingbeingundertakenthen.Itgainedalotofpopularityintheearly1167,asHenryⅡputabanonEnglishstudentsfromenteringtheUniversityofParis.Itisregardedasoneofthebestplacestogetahighereducationtoday,anditconsistsof38differentcollegesspecializinginvariousfieldsofstudy.UniversityofSalamanca,SpainThisistheoldestuniversityinSpain,andislocatedinthetownofSalamanca,westofMadrid.ItisthethirdoldestuniversityinEuropethathasbeenincontinuousoperationsinceitwasfoundedin1218.Today,itisthemostimportantinstitutionintheworldforstudyinghumanitiesandlanguages.ChristopherColumbusissaidtohaveconsultedwithitsscholarswhenhewasseekingaroutetoIndies.UniversityofPadua,ItalyThisisthechiefuniversityofItaly.Itwasstartedasalawschool.Itissaidtobefoundedin1222byagroupofstudentsandprofessors.Theology(神学)andlawwerethefirstsubjectstaughthere.Thefieldsofbotany,history,andtheaterarethemostwell-knownandpursuedcourseshere,andithasestablisheditsgreatnessintheeducatedworld.In2015,itwasrankedasthebestuniversityamongallItalianeducationalinstitutionsforhighereducation.1.HowdidtheUniversityofOxfordbecomequitepopular?A.ItreceivedalotoffinancialsupportfromHenryⅡ.B.Itdecidedtorunmorecoursestoeducatemorestudents.C.HenryⅡallowedtheuniversitytoacceptforeignstudents.D.HenryⅡforbadeEnglishstudentstoattendtheUniversityofParis.2．TheauthormentionsChristopherColumbustoshow.A.scholarsintheUniversityofSalamancaareknowledgeableB.ColumbusgraduatedfromtheUniversityofSalamancaC.ColumbuswasgratefulforthehelpprovidedbytheuniversityD.someofhisfriendsintheuniversityheldafarewellpartyforhim3．WhatdoweknowabouttheUniversityofPadua?A.ItislocatedinthewestofMadrid.B.ItisthethirdoldestuniversityinEurope.C.Theologyandlawwerethefirstsubjectstaughtthere.D.Itisthepremierinstitutionintheworldforstudyinghumanities.BEverysummerthereareafewreportsofsharkattacksatbeaches,andeveryyearpeopleseemshocked.Herearethefacts:Sharksliveinthewater,andwhenpeoplegointhewatertheybecomeapotentialfoodsourceforsharks.Sharksattackhumansforthesamereasontheydoanything:becausetheyaretryingtosurvive.Still,sharkattacksarenotcommon,andifyouheadtothebeachyourchancesofgettingeatenaren’tveryhigh.Mostsharks,especiallythoseclosetoshore,aren’tbigenoughtothreatenyou.Thewhalesharkistechnicallythelargestsharkintheworldatamaximumlengthofaroundfiftyfeet.However,thewhalesharkisafilterfeeder(滤食动物),andunlessyouareplankton(浮游生物),youhavenothingtofearfromit.Sharksaredangerousanimals,andifyoudecidetogointothewater,youareenteringtheirarea.Butthesadtruthisthatsharkshavefarmoretofearfromhumansthanwedofromthem.Illegalfishingpracticeshavedecreasedthesharkpopulationaroundtheworld,andfewspeciesgounscathed.Whenasharkattacksahumantheyareonlytryingtosurvive,buthumanshavedestroyedthesharkpopulationfornoreasonotherthangreed.Asmuchasyoumayfearsharks,theyareaveryimportantpartofthenaturalworld.Withpropereducationandconservationeffortsmanyspeciescancomeback,butonlyifenoughpeopleareinterestedinmakingadifference.Ahealthyfearofsharksoranywildanimalisagoodthing.Itremindsusofourplaceintheworldfromtimetotime.And,remember,thesurestwaytoavoidasharkattackistostayoutofthewater!4．Whydosharksattackhumanseverysummer?A.Theywanttodrivehumansaway.B.Theywanttosurvive.C.Theytreathumansasinterestingtoys.D.Theybecomestrongafterattackinghumans.5．Whatcanweknowaboutthewhalesharkfromthetext?A.Itmainlyfeedsonplanktonintheoceans.B.Itisthesecondlargestsharkintheworld.C.Itcangrowtoaminimumlengthof50feet.D.Itisthemostdangerousanimalforhumans.6．Whatshouldhumansdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Benefitfromallwildanimals.B.Avoidfearingsharksofallkinds.C.Liveinharmonywithwildanimals.D.Stayinsharks’areawhileswimming.7．Whatcanbeknownfromthetext?A.Protectiveeffortshaven’tmadeanydifference.B.Humanshavemoretofearfromsharksthantheydofromus.C.Thesharkpopulationhasdecreasedgreatlybecauseofhumangreed.D.Humanshavebecomegreediereversincesharksbegantoattackhmans.CWiththeriseofdigitaltechnology,papermapshavegraduallygivenwaytosatellite-aidedtravel.Ofcourse,therearenumerousadvantagesofGPS.Youdonotneedtounderstandcomplexmapsymbolsorplotoutyourroute.You’relesslikelytogetlostbecauseGPSannouncesturn-by-turndirectionsinrealtime.GPSautomaticallyupdatesitself.Itinformsyouoftrafficjamsandchangesyourrouteifnecessary.Butevenwithsomanypluses,GPSisn’tasreliableoraccurateasyoumightthink.Physicalmapsstillofferafewadvantagesthattechnologycan’t.Foronething,studyingamapallowsyoutohaveawholeviewofwhereyou’regoing,includingtheroads,forests,towns,historicsites,rivers,mountainsandcitiesyou’llrunintoalongtheway.Yousimplydon’tgetthatfromasmallGPSscreenthatshowslittlemorethanyournextexit.AccordingtoBetsyMason,authorof“AllOverTheMap:ACartographicOdyssey”,mapscan