项目专业术语

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项目范围管理基准计划(baseline)概念开发(conceptualdevelopment)配置管理(configurationmanagement)控制系统(controlsystem)成本控制账户(costcontrolaccounts)成本加成合同(cost-pluscontracts)可交付成果(deliverable)里程碑(milestone)组织分解结构(organizationbreakdownstructure,OBS)项目收尾(projectcloseout)项目范围(projectscope)责任分配矩阵(responsibilityassignmentmatrix,RAM)范围基准计划(scopebaseline)范围蔓延(scopecreep)范围管理(scopemanagement)范围报告(scopereporting)范围说明(scopestatement)工作说明书(statementofwork,SOW)总承包合同(turnkeycontracts)工作分解结构代号(WBScodes)工作授权(workauthorization)工作分解结构(workbreakdownstructure,WBS)工作包(workpackage)项目风险管理可能性和后果分析(analysisofprobabilityandconsequences)变更管理(changemanagement)商业风险(commercialrisk)应急储备金(contingencyreserves)合约/法律风险(contractual/legalrisk)控制和文档化(controlanddocumentation)交叉培训(cross-training)执行风险(executionrisk)财务风险(financialrisk)固定总价合同(fixed-pricecontract)违约赔偿金(liquidateddamage)管理应急金(managerialcontingency)指导(mentoring)项目风险(projectrisk)项目风险分析和管理(projectriskanalysisandmanagement,PRAM)风险识别(riskidentification)风险管理(riskmanagement)风险缓解策略(riskmitigationstrategies)任务应急金(taskcontingency)技术风险(technicalrisk)项目团队的建设、冲突和谈判可接近性(accessibility)中止(adjourning)管理上的冲突(administrativeconflict)凝聚力(cohesiveness)冲突(conflict)跨职能合作(cross-functionalcooperation)差异化(differentiation)成立阶段(formingstage)挫败(frustration)基于目标的冲突(goal-orientedconflict)互动(interaction)相互依赖(interdependencies)个人之间的冲突(interpersonalconflict)谈判(negotiation)规范化阶段(normingstage)目标(orientation)结果(outcome)实施阶段(performingstage)物理位置上的接近(physicalproximity)原则性谈判(principlednegotiation)社会心理结果(psychosocialoutcomes)中断平衡(punctuatedequilibrium)冲突风暴(storming)最高目标(superordinategoals)任务结果(taskoutcomes)团队建设(teambuilding)信任(trust)虚拟团队(virtualteams)成本估算和预算基于活动的估算(ABC,activity-basedcosting)自下而上的预算(bottom-upbudgeting)应急费用预算(budgetcontingency)成本估算(costestimation)赶工(crashing)最终估算(definitiveestimates)直接成本(directcosts)加速成本(expeditedcosts)可行性估算(feasibilityestimates)固定成本(fixedcosts)间接成本(indirectcosts)学习曲线(learningcurve)一次性成本(nonrecurringcosts)正常成本(normalcosts)参数估算(parametricestimation)项目预算(projectbudget)经常性成本(recurringcosts)分阶段预算(time-phasedbudget)自上而下的预算(top-downbudgeting)变动成本(variablecosts)项目进度计划:网络、历时估计和关键路径活动,也称任务(activity,ortask)双代号网络图法(activity-on-arrow)单代号网络图法(activity-on-node)箭线(Arrow)逆推法(backwardpass)β分布(betadistribution)发散活动(burstactivity)并行活动(concurrentactivities)置信区间(confidenceinterval)赶工(crashing)关键路径(criticalpath)关键路径法criticalpathmethod()历时估计(durationestimation)最早开始时间(earlystartdate,ES)事件(event)浮动时差(float,orslack)正推法(forwardpass)集合活动(hammockactivities)阶梯化活动(ladderingactivities)最晚开始时间(latestartdate)汇聚活动(mergeactivities)网络图(networkdiagram)节点(node)排好序的活动(orderedactivities)路径(path)前置活动(predecessors)计划评审技术(programevaluationandreviewtechnique)项目网络图(projectnetworkdiagram,PND)项目计划编制(projectplanning)有限资源进度计划(resource-limitedschedule)范围(scope)串行活动(serialactivities)后续活动(successors)任务(task)工作分解结构(workbreakdownstructure)工作包(workpackage)项目进度计划:滞后、赶工和活动网络活动(也称任务)(activity,也称task)双代号网络图(activity-on-arrow,AOA)单代号网络图(activity-on-node,AON)箭线(Arrow)逆推法(backwardpass)赶工(crashing)关键路径(criticalpath)虚活动(dummyactivities)最早开始时间(earlystartdate,ES)事件(event)浮动时差(float,orslack)正推法(forwardpass)甘特图(Ganttchart)滞后(lag)最晚开始时间(latestartdate)汇聚(merge)节点(node)计划评审技术(ProgramEvaluationandReviewTechnique,PERT)串行活动(serialactivities)后续活动(successors)任务(task,见activity)关键链项目进度计划能力约束缓冲(capacityconstraintbuffer,CCB)中心极限理论(centrallimitstheorem)普通原因偏差(commoncausevariation)关键链(criticalchain)关键链项目管理(criticalchainprojectmanagement,CCPM)鼓点(drum)鼓点缓冲(drumbuffers)多任务处理(multitasking)消极偏差(negativevariation)积极偏差(positivevariation)特殊原因偏差(specialcausevariation)学生综合症(studentsyndrome)约束理论(theoryofconstraints,TOC)资源管理平衡试探法(levelingheuristics)混合约束型项目(mixed-constraintproject)物质约束(physicalconstraints)资源约束型项目(resource-constrainedproject)资源约束(resourceconstraints)资源平衡(resourceleveling)资源负载(resourceloading)资源负载图(resource-loadingcharts)资源负载表(resource-loadingtable)平滑(smoothing)分割活动(splittingactivities)时间约束型项目(time-constrainedproject)项目评估和控制已完成工作实际成本(actualcostofworkperformed,AC)完工预算(budgetedcostatcompletion,BAC)控制循环(controlcycle)成本绩效指数(costperformanceindex,CPI)挣值(earnedvalue,EV)挣值管理(earnedvaluemanagement,EVM)里程碑(milestone)计划值(plannedvalue,PV)项目基准计划(projectbaseline)项目控制(projectcontrol)项目S曲线(projectS-curve)进度绩效指数(scheduleperformanceindex,SPI)进度偏差(schedulevariance)跟踪甘特图(trackingGanttcharts)项目收尾和中止仲裁(arbitration)建造-经营-转让(build,operate,transfer,BOT)建造-拥有-经营-转让(build,own,operate,transfer,BOOT)默认索赔(defaultclaims)争议(disputes)提前终止(earlytermination)特惠索赔(ex-gratiaclaims)经验教训(lessonslearned)自然终止(naturaltermination)私人主动融资(privatefinanceinitiatives,PFIs)项目终止(projecttermination)附加式终止(terminationbyaddition)绝对式终止(terminationbyextinction)集成式终止(terminationbyintegration)自灭式终止(terminationbystarvation)非自然终止(unnaturaltermination)

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