Unit-4-Immigrants

Unit4ImmigrantsTextIWhyTheyCameImmigrantapersonwhohascometoadifferentcountryinordertolivetherepermanently,orsomeonewhointendstoresidepermanently,andnotacasualvisitorortravelerinadifferentcountry.Emigrantapersonwholeavesacountrypermanentlyandgoestoliveinanotherone.AmericaisaNationofImmigrantsorDescendantsofImmigrants•Fromearly1600stothepresent,42millionimmigrantsenteredtheU.S.•Largestmassmigrationinrecordedhistory•TheycamemostlyfromEurope,butalsofromAsiaandMexico,aswellasotherplacesBackgroundInformation•1.ANationofImmigrants•ThebookwasoriginallywrittenbyKennedyin1958,whilehewasstillasenator.ItwaswrittenaspartoftheAnti-DefamationLeague'sseries.Subsequently,aftergainingthepresidency,hecalledonCongresstoundertakeafullreevaluationofimmigrationlaw;andhebegantorevisethebookforfurtherpublication.•InAugust1963,excerptsofthe1958pamphletwerepublishedintheNewYorkTimesMagazine.Hewasassassinatedbeforecompletingtherevision,butthebookwasneverthelessposthumouslypublishedin1964withanintroductionbyhisbrother,thenAttorneyGeneralRobertF.Kennedy.•ThebookcontainsashorthistoryofimmigrationintheUnitedStatesbeginningincolonialAmerica,ananalysisoftheimportanceimmigrationhasplayedinAmericanhistory,andJohnF.Kennedy'sproposalsfortheliberalizationofimmigrationlaw.2.JohnF.Kennedy•(May29,1917–November22,1963),oftenreferredtobyhisinitialsJFK,wasthe35thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,servingfrom1961untilhisassassinationin1963.•KennedydefeatedthenVicePresidentandRepublicancandidateRichardNixoninthe1960U.S.presidentialelection.Hewasthesecond-youngestPresident(afterTheodoreRoosevelt),thefirst20thCenturybornPresident,andtheyoungestelectedtotheoffice,attheageof43.KennedyistheonlyCatholicandthefirstIrishAmericanpresident,andistheonlypresidenttohavewonaPulitzerPrize(普利策奖).•EventsduringhispresidencyincludedtheBayofPigsInvasion,theCubanMissileCrisis,thebuildingoftheBerlinWall,theSpaceRace,theAfricanAmericanCivilRightsMovementandearlystagesoftheVietnamWar.•KennedywasassassinatedonNovember22,1963,inDallas,Texas.LeeHarveyOswaldwaschargedwiththecrimebutwasshotandkilledtwodayslaterbyJackRubybeforeanytrial.Today,KennedycontinuestorankhighlyinpublicopinionratingsofformerU.S.presidents.FourImmigrationWavesinU.S.FirstWave•DuringthefirstwavemostoftheearlycolonistswhosettledinwhatisnowtheUnitedStatescamefromEngland.ManyothercolonistscamefromFrance,Germany,Ireland,Italy,theNetherlands,Poland,Portugal,Scotland,Sweden,andWales.SomecolonistscamefromDenmark,Finland,andwhatisnowUkraine.ThefirstAfricanswerebroughtasindenturedservants,butmostblacksarrivedasslaves.1607-1820•PoliticalFreedom-PoliticalRefugeesfearfortheirlives,Somewantfreeatmosphere•ReligiousTolerance•EconomicOpportunity-Peoplewantabetterlife,betterjob,moremoney•ForcedImmigration(Slavery)–Therearetwotypesofmotivationforimmigration•Push(needtoleaveinordertosurvive)•Pull(attractedtonewwayoflife)SecondWave•Thesecondwavelastedfrom1820to1870.Almost7millionnewcomersenteredtheUnitedStates.NearlyallofthemcamefromnorthernandwesternEurope.AboutathirdwereIrish,manyofthemseekingescapefromapotatofaminethatstruckIrelandinthemid-1840's.AlmostathirdwereGerman.MostoftheIrishhadlittlemoney,andsotheystayedwheretheyarrived,ontheEastCoast.ManyGermanshadenoughmoneytojourneytotheMidwestinsearchoffarmland.1820-1870Thereasonforimmigrationintheperiodfrom1820-1870isquiteclear.Landremainedplentiful,andfairlycheap.Jobswereabundant,andlaborwasscarceandrelativelydear.Adeclineinthebirthrateaswellasanincreaseinindustryandurbanizationreinforcedthissituation.TheUnitedStates,inthe19thCentury,remainedastrongmagnettoimmigrants,withoffersofjobsandlandforfarms.GlowingreportsfromearlierarrivalswhomadegoodreinforcedthenotionthatinAmerica,thestreetswere,pavedwithgold,aswellasofferingsofreligiousandpoliticalfreedom…ThirdWave•Thethirdwavewasfrom1881to1920.Almost23millionimmigrantspouredintotheUnitedStatesfromalmosteveryareaoftheworld.Untilthe1880's,mostnewcomersstillcamefromnorthernandwesternEurope.Theycametobecalledoldimmigrants.Beginninginthe1890's,themajorityofarrivalswerenewimmigrants,peoplefromsouthernandeasternEurope.1881-1920•Jewscameforreligiousfreedom•ItaliansandAsianscameforWork•Russianscametoescapepersecution•Americahadjobs•Americahadreligiousfreedom•AmericawashypedupinmanycountriesasLandofOpportunity.FourthWaveThe1965amendmentsproducedmajorchangesinpatternsofimmigrationtotheUnitedStates.ThepercentageofimmigrantsfromEurope,CanadaandCentralAmericadropped,whilethatofimmigrantsfromAsiaandtheWestIndiesleapeddramatically.Today,mostimmigrantstotheUnitedStatescomefromMexico,thePhilippines,Haiti,China,theDominicanRepublic,India,Vietnam,Jamaica,CubaandSouthKorea.TheimmigrantsfromSouthKoreaincludemanypeoplewhowereborninNorthKorea.AlthoughalargenumberofnewcomersstillsettleintheEastandMidwest,manyothersmovetoFloridaandCalifornia.1965-PresentThemainreasonwhyeverybodywantstogotoUSisbecauseiftheywouldgosomewherelikeFranceorJapan.Althoughtheywouldgethigherwages,thereisamuchgreaterchanceofgettingharassed,arrestedordeportedinthosecountriesasopposedtoU.S.Rea