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“任务型阅读＋书面表达”组合练(五)(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.任务型阅读Familystructureisthecoreofanyculture.Amajorfunctionofthefamilyistosocializenewmembersofaculture.Aschildrenareraisedinafamilysetting,theylearntobecomemembersofthefamilyaswellasmembersofthelargerculture.Thefamilyprovidesthemodelforallotherrelationshipsinsociety.Throughtheobservationsandmodelingofthebehaviorofotherfamilymembers,childrenlearnaboutthefamilyandsocietyincludingthevaluesoftheculture.Familystructureandtheirinherentrelationshipsandobligationsareamajorsourceofculturaldifference.ThefamilyisthecenterofmosttraditionalAsians'lives.Manypeopleworryabouttheirfamilies'welfare,reputation,andhonor.Asianfamiliesareoftenextended,includingseveralgenerationsrelatedbybloodormarriagelivinginthesamehome.AnAsianperson'smisdeedsarenotblamedjustontheindividualbutalsoonthefamily—includingthedeadancestors.TraditionalChinese,amongmanyotherAsians,respecttheireldersandfeeladeepsenseofdutytowardthem.Childrenrepaytheirparents'sacrificesbybeingsuccessfulandsupportingtheminoldage.ThisisacceptedasanaturalpartoflifeinChina.Incontrast,takingcareofagedparentsisoftenviewedastremendousburdenintheUnitedStates,whereagingandfamilysupportarenothonoredhighly.TheVietnamesefamilyconsistsofpeoplecurrentlyaliveaswellasthespiritsofthedeadandoftheasyetunborn.Anydecisionsoractionsaredonefromfamilyconsiderations,notindividualdesires.People'sbehaviorisjudgedonwhetheritbringsshameorpridetothefamily.Vietnamesechildrenaretrainedtorelyontheirfamilies,tohonorelderlypeople,andtofearforeigners.ManyVietnamesethinkthattheiractionsinthislifewillinfluencetheirstatusinthenextlife.FathersintraditionalJapanesefamiliesaretypicallystrictanddistant.Japanesecollegestudentsinonestudysaidtheywouldtelltheirfathersjustaboutasmuchastheywouldtellatotalstranger.TheemotionalandcommunicationbarrierbetweenchildrenandfathersinJapanappearsverystrongafterchildrenhavereachedacertainage.Althoughtherehasbeenmuchtalkabout“familyvalues”intheUnitedStates,thefamilyisnotausualframeofreferencefordecisionsinU．S.mainstreamculture.Familyconnectionsarenotsoimportanttomostpeople.DroppingthenamesofwealthyorfamouspeoplethefamilyknowsisdoneintheUnitedStates,butitisnotviewedpositively.Moreimportantisaperson'sownindividual“trackrecord”ofpersonalachievement.Thus,manyculturaldifferencesexistinfamilystructuresandvalues.Insomecultures,thefamilyisthecenteroflifeandthemainframeofreferencefordecisions.Inothercultures,theindividuals,notthefamily,isprimary.Insomecultures,thefamily'sreputationandhonordependoneachperson'sactions;inothercultures,individualscanactwithoutpermanentlyaffectingthefamilylife.Someculturesvalueoldpeople,whileothercultureslookdownonthem.OutlineSupportingdetails(1)________tofamilystructure●Familystructureisofgreat(2)______indifferentcultures.●Childrenraisedinafamilywillgraduallylearnhowto(3)________inawaywhichisacceptableintheircultureorsetting.●Manyculturaldifferences(4)______fromfamilystructures.ExamplesofAsianfamilies●TraditionalAsians(5)________theirlivesaroundfamily.Notonlytheindividualbutthefamilyisto(6)________foranywrongdoings.●InChina,parents'sacrificeswillprobably(7)________offwhenchildrengrowup.Childrenwillalsoprovidefortheelders.●InVietnam,it'snotfromthepersonaldesiresbutfromfamilyconsiderationsthatdecisionsoractionsaredone.●InJapan,childrenare(8)________tosharetheiremotionswithfather,thusmakingcommunicationdifficult.ExamplesoffamiliesintheUSAAmericansdon'tlaymuchemphasisonfamilyvalues.(9)________，personalachievementisconsideredmoreimportant.ConclusionFamilystructuresandvalues(10)______indifferentcultures.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。家庭结构是任何一种文化的核心。但是不同的文化对家庭结构的重视程度并不一样。1．Introduction信息概括题。根据文章第一段第一句“Familystructureisthecoreofanyculture.”可知，家庭结构是任何一种文化的核心。整个第一段都是对家庭结构的介绍。2．importance/significance信息转换题。根据第一段最后一句“Familystructureandtheirinherentrelationshipsandobligationsareamajorsourceofculturaldifference.”可知，家庭结构和内部关系起着很大的文化作用。“of＋importance/significance”相当于形容词important或significant。3．behave信息转换题。根据第一段第五句“Throughtheobservationsandmodelingofthebehavior...andsocietyincludingthevaluesoftheculture.”可知答案，注意此处应填动词形式。4．arise/result/originate信息概括题。根据第一段首句“Familystructureisthecoreofanyculture.”和最后一句“Familystructureandtheirinherentrelationshipsandobligationsareamajorsourceofculturaldifference.”可知，很多文化的差异是由于家庭结构的不同而引起的。5．center/centre信息查找题。根据第二段第一句“ThefamilyisthecenterofmosttraditionalAsians'lives.”可知，在传统的亚洲人的生活中，家庭是核心。6．blame信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句“AnAsianperson'smisdeedsarenotblamedjustontheindividualbutalsoonthefamily—includingthedeadancestors.”可知，个人和家庭都要受到责备。7．pay信息转换题。根据第三段第二句“Childrenrepaytheirparents'sacrificesbybeingsuccessfulandsupportingtheminoldage.”可知，当父母老了以后，孩子们会回报父母以前所做的牺牲。原文中使用repay，表格中使用动词短语payoff指父母的牺牲得到了回报。8．unwilling/reluctant/afraid信息概括题。根据第五段第二句“Japanesecollegestudents...wouldtellatotalstranger.”可知，日本的大学生和父亲之间的关系好像是陌生人一样，也就是说他们不愿或不敢与父亲交流。9．Instead/However信息概括题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“Droppingthenamesofwealthy...individual‘trackrecord’ofpersonalachievement.”可知，在美国个人成就是更重要的。说明设空处上下文之间是转折关系，使用Instead或However。10．vary/differ信息转换题。根据最后一段第一句“Thus,manyculturaldifferencesexist