(江苏专用)2021版新高考英语一轮复习 板块3 不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词、介词 第1讲 代词教

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第1讲代词[全国卷考情分析]题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgiveit/runningatry.2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthem(they)alive.3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusingiteveryday.1.考查人称代词的主格和宾格;2.考查物主代词的基本用法;3.考查it的基本用法;4.考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法。考点一代词的分类[题组试做]单句语法填空1.(2019·安庆模拟)AttheendoftheQingDynasty,afterclosedChinacameundertheinfluencefromabroad,manyoldhutongslost________(they)formerneatarrangement.their[考查代词。根据空后的名词短语“formerneatarrangement”可知,空处修饰该名词短语,作定语,故用形容词性物主代词。]2.(2019·河南洛阳第一次统考)“Assoonasheopens________(he)mouthandsingsinChinese,theChineseareverysurprisedandtheyfeelproudofhim,”saidhismusicteacher.his[考查代词。根据语境mouth和主语he可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth,在句中作定语。]3.(2019·山东师大附中二模)Atthatmomentanattractiveyoungladywhonoticedmybookcameuptomeandintroduced________(her).herself[句意:那时,一位迷人的年轻女士注意到了我的书,向我走来并作自我介绍。设空处作宾语,该空处与主语anattractiveyounglady指同一人,故用反身代词herself。]4.(2019·重庆第一次调研)Therearemainly3stoneareas.Onebigareaseemstobedeepanddarkred.________twoareasseemalmostyellowandgreen.Itlooksasifsomeonespilled(泼洒)manycolorsofpaintoverthehugeareas.Another[考查限定词。根据上文中的3stoneareas和Onebigarea可知,这里用Another。Anothertwoareas表示“另外两个地区”。][要点解读]代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。分类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey宾格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis,her,itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs反身代词my­selfyour­selfhimself,herself,itselfour­selvesyour­selvesthem­selves指示代词this,that,suchthese,those,such相互代词宾格eachother,oneanother所有格eachother's,oneanother's不定代词普通不定代词some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,someone,anyone,noone,something,anything,nothing,none个体代词all,every,each,other,another,either,neither,both,half,everybody,everyone,everything数量many,much,(a)few,(a)little,alotof,代词lotsof,agreatdeal,agreatmany疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what(用法请参阅名词性从句部分)关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that(用法请参阅定语从句部分)考点二不定代词[题组试做]单句语法填空1.(2019·泰安模拟)AsfarasIamconcerned,cyclingisagoodsolution.Foronething,bicyclesdon'tneedanypetrolandtheyareenergy­saving.For________,bicyclesareenvironmentallyfriendlybecausetheywon'tgiveoffwastegas.another[句意:在我看来,骑自行车是一个不错的解决方案。一方面,自行车不需要汽油,并且节能;另一方面,自行车也很环保,因为它们不会释放任何废气。foronething...foranother...表示“一方面……另一方面……”。]2.(2019·新疆第二次检测)Nowadaysreferencebookshavebecomeaproblemofgreatconcernfor________theteachersandthestudents.both[考查固定搭配。固定搭配both...and...意为“两者都”,符合语境,故用both。]3.(2019·安徽六校联考)I'llspendhalfofmyholidaypractisingEnglishandthe________halflearningdrawing.other[句意:我将花假期的一半时间练习英语,另一半时间学画画。根据句意可知,整个假期分为两半,确定范围为两者,故只能用other。]4.(2019·福建福州十三中高三期中)Oncetherelivedarichmanwhowantedtodo________forthepeopleofhistown.something[结合句意可知,此处表示想要为人们做某事,故填something。][要点解读]1.all,both,either,any,none,neither都任何一个都不部分否定两者botheitherneither=noteitherboth和not连用三者或allanynone=all和三者以上notanynot连用Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.以这个调查为基础,研究团队做了两个报告,但是两个都不包含任何有用的建议。—WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?——我什么时候(给你)打电话方便,上午还是下午?—Either.I'llbeinallday.——都可以,我将一整天都在家。2.none,nothing,noone/nobodynonenone既指人也指物,后面可接of短语,一般用来回答howmany,howmuch和which的提问nothingnothing只指物,后面不能接of短语,用来回答what的提问noone/nobodynoone和nobody只指人不指物,其后不接of短语,一般回答who的提问Eveniftheanswerseemedalittlestrange,nobodybutIdoubtedit.尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪,但是除了我之外没人怀疑它的正确性。Nikiisalwaysfullofideas,butnoneisusefultomyknowledge.尼基点子总是很多,但是据我所知,没有一个是有用的。[易错提醒]部分否定和全部否定(1)noone,none,nobody,nothing,not...any/either以及“no+名词”都表示全部否定;(2)all,both,everyone/everybody/everything以及“every+名词”与not连用时,表示部分否定。3.theother,another,others,theotherstheothertheother指两个人或物中的“另一个”,常与one连用,构成“one...theother...”(一个……;另一个……)another单独使用,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替单数可数名词。常与one连用,构成one...another...泛指“一个……另一个……”others,theothersothers泛指“其余的人或物”,相当于“other+可数名词复数”,不能作定语,常构成some...others...。theothers特指“其余的所有人或物”,相当于“theother+可数名词复数”Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainsttheother.为了暖和自己,那个海员坐在火堆前,两只光脚丫互相蹭着。(福建卷)Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whileinothers,knivesandforks.在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另外一些国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。考点三it的用法[题组试做]单句语法填空1.(2019·山东东营一模)________isgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocio­economicbackgroundstendtodolesswellinoureducationsystem.It[句意:人们普遍认为,在我们的教育体制里,社会经济背景不佳的年轻人往往会表现欠佳。it作形式主语,“thatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocio­economicbackgroundstendtodolesswellinoureducationsystem”为主语从句,是真正的主语。]2.(2019·河北唐山第一次调研)Irealized________wasfoolishtojudgeAIthatway.it[句意:我意识到那样判断人工智能是愚蠢的。设空处需用it作形式主语,本句中的tojudgeAIthatway为真正的主语。]3.(2019·安庆模拟)Headmittedthatwhen________comestorepairingacomputer,hehadlittleknowledgeofit.it[句意:他承认,当说到维修电脑时,他对此一无所知。whenitcomesto...意为“当说到……”,为固定句型。故填it。]4.(2019·重庆模拟)Ihate________whensomeonemakesamessofmylearningmaterialsonmydesk.it[句意:我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟。it常常与某些动词连用构成固定句式,例如hate/dislikeitwhen...;appreciate/helpitif...等。][要点解读]1.指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等,也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天气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