（江苏专用）2020高考英语一轮复习 提分专练（十一）牛津译林版

提分专练（十一）Ⅰ.完形填空AccesstoelectricityhasalwaysbeenlimitedforpeoplelivinginNuevoSaposoa,aremotevillageinPeru.However,thingswentfrombadtoworseinMarch2015__1__aflooddamagedthepowerstationinthearea.Thevillagerswere__2__toturntokerosene(煤油)lamps,whicharenotonlyexpensivebutalso__3__becauseofthepoisonousmattertheygiveoff.__4__，theresearchersandstudentsattheUniversidaddeIngenieríayTecnología(UTEC)inLima,Peruheardabouttheir__5__situationandcameupwithacreativesolution.They__6__alampthatcanbepoweredbyplantsandsoil,bothofwhichcanbefound__7__intheAmazonianrainforestswherethevillageislocated.CalledPlantalámparas,the__8__drawsenergyfromaplantgrowinginawoodenboxandusesitto__9__anLEDbulb.Whilethatmaysoundcomplicatedandevenimpossible,itisquite__10__.Thewasteproducedbyplantsundergoesoxidization(氧化作用)inthesoil,whichproduceselectrons(电子).TheUTECteamplacedelectrodes(电极)insidethesoilto__11__theenergyandstoreitinthelamp'sbatteriesfor__12__use.TheresearcherssayasinglechargecanlightanLEDbulbfortwohours—enough__13__forpeopletogettheireveningchoresdone.Theuniversity__14__tensuchlampstoNuevoSaposoainOctober2015.Sofar,theyhavebeenahuge__15__！ElmerRamirez,UTEC'sprofessor,believestheplantpoweredlampscouldalsohelpimprovethelivesofthousandsofother__16__rainforestcommunities,42%ofwhichhavenoaccessto__17__.Thisisnotthe__18__timethestudentsandprofessorsofUTEChavecomeupwitha(n)__19__solutiontoaproblem.In2014,todealwithPeru'ssevere__20__pollutiontheycreatedalargeadvertisingboardthatcouldbeusedasanairpurifier(净化器)aswell!语篇解读：本文是说明文。秘鲁UTEC大学的师生为了解决偏远乡村用电难的问题发明了一种利用植物和土壤供电的灯。1．A.afterB．thoughC．unlessD．until解析：选A根据本句中的“frombadtoworse”可知，在洪水毁了当地的发电站“后(after)”，NuevoSaposoa村用电难的问题更加严重。2．A.advisedB．taughtC．askedD．forced解析：选D没有电，村民们“被迫(forced)”使用煤油灯。3．A.disappointingB．inconvenientC．strangeD．dangerous解析：选D根据本空后的“thepoisonousmatter”可知，使用煤油灯很“危险(dangerous)”。4．A.FortunatelyB．SuddenlyC．CertainlyD．Usually解析：选A根据下文内容可知，“幸运的是(Fortunately)”，UTEC大学的师生们想出了一个好主意帮助村民。5．A.realB．embarrassingC．badD．unstable解析：选C根据上文内容可知，NuevoSaposoa村的村民无电可用，情况很“糟糕(bad)”。6．A.boughtB．designedC．discoveredD．repaired解析：选B根据本空后的“alampthatcanbepoweredbyplantsandsoil”可知，他们“设计出(designed)”一种利用植物和土壤供电的灯。7．A.indetailB．intimeC．inharmonyD．inabundance解析：选D只有制作新型灯的材料容易获得，这项发明才有可能得到广泛使用。故此处inabundance(大量地)符合语境。8．A.villageB．lampC．rainforestD．soil解析：选B根据本空前的Called和本空后的“drawsenergy”可知，这种“灯(lamp)”名叫Plantalámparas，从植物中获取电能。9．A.lightupB．makeupC．giveupD．useup解析：选A本空前的it指代本句中的energy，表示这种灯利用从植物中获得的电能“点亮(lightup)”LED灯泡。10．A.widespreadB．straightforwardC．well­knownD．labor­saving解析：选B本句开头的While表示对比或相反的情况，因此这里指尽管从植物中获取电能听上去很复杂，甚至不可能，但其实并“不难(straightforward)”。11．A.wasteB．saveC．produceD．direct解析：选C根据本空前的“placedelectrodes(电极)insidethesoil”可知，UTEC大学的团队把电极放进土壤就是为了“发(produce)”电。12．A.additionalB．freeC．regularD．later解析：选D根据本句中的store可知，把电能存进电池里是为了“以后的(later)”使用。13．A.energyB．spaceC．timeD．brightness解析：选C根据本空前的“twohours”可知，两个小时的“时间(time)”足够人们完成夜间琐事了。14．A.distributedB．soldC．lentD．returned解析：选A根据上文内容可知，UTEC大学的师生发明这种新型灯就是为了帮助NuevoSaposoa村的村民，所以他们完成发明后给该村“分发了(distributed)”十个这种灯。15．A.successB．challengeC．changeD．surprise解析：选A根据下句中的“couldalsohelp...”可知，这些灯很“成功(success)”，所以UTEC大学的教授认为它们也可以被推广到其他地方。16．A.nearbyB．smallC．remoteD．ancient解析：选C解析见下题。17．A.educationB．electricityC．technologyD．entertainment解析：选B根据上文内容可知，UTEC大学的师生为了解决偏远乡村NuevoSaposoa村用电难的问题才发明了这种灯，因此这里指将这种灯推广到其他用“电(electricity)”难的“偏远的(remote)”乡村。18．A.bestB．firstC．accurateD．normal解析：选B解析见下题。19．A.cleverB．simpleC．temporaryD．immediate解析：选A根据下句内容可知，这不是UTEC大学的师生“第一次(first)”想出这么“聪明的(clever)”点子。20．A.noiseB．waterC．airD．vehicle解析：选C根据本句中的“anairpurifier(净化器)”可知，这个也可以充当空气净化器的广告牌是用来应对秘鲁严重的“空气(air)”污染的。Ⅱ.任务型阅读(2019·南京三模)WhatCanWeLearnfromAmishPeople?ManypeoplethinkoftheAmishaslivingwithoutmoderntechnology.Thesecommunities,mainlylocatedinPennsylvania,OhioandIndiana,gowithoutcars,TVs,computers,phonesoreventheelectricityneededtorunsomanyof21stcenturydevices.ButwhatresearcherswhohavestudiedthemhavefoundiswhattheAmishhaveasurplusof:goodhealthinlatelife.TheaverageAmericanlifeexpectancyiscurrentlyjustunder79years.Backin1900,itwasonly47,butforearly­20thcenturyAmishitwasalreadygreaterthan70.Overthedecades,mostAmericanshavecaughtupinoveralllifeexpectancy,buttheAmishstillhaveasignificantedgeinlate­lifehealth,withlowerratesofcancer,cardiovasculardisease,diabetesandmore.Sohowdotheydoit?Startwithlifestyle.Amishcommunitiesareagrarian,withnomodernfarmequipment,meaningalltheworkhastobedonebyhand.In2004,theAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinefittedAmishvolunteerswithpedometerstodeterminehowmuchphysicalactivitytheyperformed.Theresultsweredramatic.Amishmentook18,425stepsadayandwomen14,196steps,comparedwithnon­Amishpeoplewhoareencouragedbydoctorstoshootforatleast10,000steps—andtypicallyfail.Includingotherformsofmanuallabour—lifting,chopping,sowing,planting—theAmisharesixtimesasactiveasarandomsampleofpeoplefrom12countries.Oneresultofthisisthatonly4%ofAmishpeopleareobese,comparedwith36.5%oftheoverallUSpopulation.Amishchildrenareaboutone­thirdaslikelyasnon­Amishtobeobese,accordingtoa2012studyinPLOSOne.Thismeans50%lowerratesofTy