专题限时检测(一)单词词义辨析(共3组,限时20分钟)[模拟题组一]1.(2019·南京、盐城一模)LastDecemberChina________100Chineseand10foreignersfortheiroutstandingcontributionstothecountry'sreformandopeningup.A.distinguishedB.sponsoredC.acknowledgedD.evaluated解析:选C句意:去年12月,中国表彰了对国家改革开放做出杰出贡献的100名中国人和10名外国人。acknowledge在此句中表示“expressthanksfor(sth.)为(某事物)表示感谢”,符合语境。distinguish“区别,辨别”;sponsor“赞助”;evaluate“评估”。2.(2019·南京、盐城一模)Computercontrolledrobotsaretakingoverjobsinmanyindustries,whichusedtobedone________.A.artificiallyB.manuallyC.comprehensivelyD.gradually解析:选B句意:计算机控制的机器人接管了许多行业中的工作,而这些工作过去都是手工完成的。artificially“人造地,不自然地”;manually“手工地”;comprehensively“全面地”;gradually“渐渐地”。根据句意,选B。3.(2019·镇江一模)Thewaitressattherestaurantwasusuallyveryconsiderate,butonthisoccasionsheseemedto________thediners.A.ignoreB.identifyC.applaudD.satisfy解析:选A句意:餐馆的女服务员通常很体贴,但在这个场合,她似乎忽视了用餐者。ignore“忽视”,符合句意。identify“确定,识别”;applaud“夸赞,鼓掌”;satisfy“满足”。4.(2019·镇江一模)Iwishyouwouldn'tbeso________;youmakefacesateverythingIsay.A.weirdB.politeC.reluctantD.serious解析:选A句意:我希望我没有这么奇怪,你对我说的所有事都挤眉弄眼。weird“不可思议的,怪诞的”,符合句意。polite“礼貌的”;reluctant“不情愿,严肃”;serious“严肃的”。5.(2019·苏州一模)Theyear2018isaspecialoneinthatit________the40thanniversaryofthelaunchofChina'sreformandopeninguppolicy.A.signalsB.advocatesC.anticipatesD.marks解析:选D句意:2018年是一个特殊的年份,因为它标志着中国改革开放40周年。inthat相当于because引导原因状语从句。mark“标志”,符合语境。signal“向……发信号”;advocate“提倡”;anticipate“预见,预料”。6.(2019·常州一模)Studiessuggestthatbabieslearnto________voicesbeforebirth.Theycanrecognizetheirmother'svoiceamongagroupofwomen.A.suspectB.compromiseC.discriminateD.inspect解析:选C句意:研究表明婴儿在出生前便学会分辨声音。他们可以在一群女人当中分辨出母亲的声音。discriminate“歧视;区别;辨出”,符合语境。suspect“怀疑”;compromise“妥协,伤害”;inspect“检查,视察”。7.(2019·常州一模)—WhynotturntoKevin?Hesawwhathappened,sohisistheonly________account.—Theproblemisthathehasrefusedtosayanythingabouttheaccident.A.tentativeB.controversialC.authenticD.arbitrary解析:选C句意:“为什么不求助于Kevin?他目击了事件的发生,因此他所说的话是唯一真实准确的叙述。”“问题是他已拒绝对此事件说点什么。”authentic“真实的,准确的”,符合语境。tentative“试探性的”;controversial“有争议的”;arbitrary“随意的,任性的”。8.(2019·常州一模)Thoughscientistsgetclosertounderstandingwhyweage,thereasonfordifferentagingratesamongindividualsremainsonly________understood.A.concretelyB.thoroughlyC.vaguelyD.flexibly解析:选C句意:虽然科学家们越来越了解我们为什么会变老,但对于个体间不同的衰老率的原因仍然理解得比较模糊。vaguely“模糊地”,符合语境。concretely“具体地”;thoroughly“彻底地”;flexibly“灵活地”。9.(2019·徐州、淮安、连云港一模)Beinganexperiencedlecturer,Mr.Black________hisspeechtosuitayoungeraudience.A.simplifiedB.addressedC.exchangedD.delivered解析:选A句意:作为一个经验丰富的演讲者,布莱克先生简化他的演讲来适应年轻的观众。simplify“简化”,符合语境。address“称呼,演说”;exchange“交换”;deliver“传送;投递”。10.(2019·徐州、淮安、连云港一模)Theaudienceburstintolaughterbecauseofthe________ofthetonguefromthehost,whosaid,“Goodladies,eveningandgentlemen.”A.slipB.slideC.sealD.spit解析:选A句意:观众因主持人失言而大笑,主持人说:“女士们,晚上好,先生们。”theslipoftongue“口误”,固定搭配。11.(2019·泰州一模)TheautobiographyBecomingbyMichelleObama,________aboutherlifeintheWhiteHouse,soldwellonceonthemarket.A.definitelyB.essentiallyC.initiallyD.accurately解析:选B句意:米歇尔·奥巴马(MichelleObama)写的《成为》这本自传,基本上是关于她在白宫的生活,一经上市,就很畅销。essentially“基本上,根本上”,符合语境。definitely“明确地;确切地”;initially“最初;开始”;accurately“精确地,如实”。12.(2019·泰州一模)WheneverIfeellonelyorupset,Ialwaysdosomereading,which________mewell.A.servesB.suitsC.favorsD.motivates解析:选A句意:每当我感到孤独或沮丧时,我总是做些阅读,这对我很有帮助。此处serve意思为“对……有用”。13.(2019·扬州一模)YouhadbetterstayinChinaforfurthereducation.SometopAmericanuniversitiesareaccusedof________AsianAmericanapplicantsusingraceasafactor.A.welcomingB.employingC.denyingD.restoring解析:选C句意:你最好留在中国继续深造。一些美国顶尖大学被指控以种族为因素拒绝亚裔申请人。deny“拒绝”,符合语境。welcome“欢迎”;employ“雇佣”;restore“恢复”。14.(2019·扬州一模)Manyofushaveconcernsaboutthechallengesfacingfuturegenerationsasourglobalpopulation________andtheearth'snaturalresourcesdecrease.A.selectsB.declinesC.swellsD.varies解析:选C句意:随着全球人口的膨胀和地球自然资源的减少,我们中的许多人对后代面临的挑战感到担忧。swell“肿胀,膨胀”,符合语境。select“选择,挑选”;decline“下降,婉拒”;vary“不同”。15.(2019·南通一模)Thankstotheeffortsinenvironmentalprotection,thewetlandhasbeen________toitsoriginalappearance.A.restoredB.deliveredC.transferredD.drafted解析:选A句意:由于在环境保护方面的努力,这片湿地已经恢复原样了。restore“恢复”;deliver“交付”;transfer“转移”;draft“征募;拟稿”。[模拟题组二]1.(2019·南京、盐城二模)Mollyfinallyagreed,________reluctantly,togoandseeadoctor.A.afterwardsB.almostC.otherwiseD.somewhat解析:选D句意:Molly最后同意去看医生,尽管有点不情愿。somewhat“有点”,符合句意。2.(2019·南京、盐城二模)Theconditionsinthelocalschoolwerefairly________,noelectricityandnobasicteachingfacilitiesavailable.A.uniqueB.typicalC.primitiveD.stable解析:选C句意:这个当地学校的条件是相当的原始,没有电也没有可用的基础教育设施。primitive“原始的,简单的”,符合句意。unique“独特的”;typical“典型的”;stable“稳定的”。3.(2019·通、泰、扬、徐、淮、宿二模)Tobetterourculturalmoralcharacter,westudentsmightaswellincreaseour________forreading.A.qualificationB.tendencyC.appetiteD.application解析:选C句意:为了提高我们的文化品格,我们学生不妨增加对阅读的兴趣。appetite有“食欲;爱好”等含义,此处意思是“爱好”。qualification“资格”;tendency“趋势,倾向”;application“申请”。4.(2019·南通七市二模)ThankstoChinesepeople'shardworkandwisdom,Chinahas________intothesecondlargesteconomy.A.evolvedB.slippedC.extendedD.shaped解析:选A句意:多亏了中国人民的勤劳奋斗和聪慧才智,中国发展成为了第二大经济体。evolve“逐步发展,逐渐演变”,符合语境。slip“滑倒,滑落”;extend“延伸”;shape“使成为……形状”。5.(2019·苏、锡、常、镇二模)Runningisoftentiringa