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专题限时检测(十九)阅读理解B篇保分练(二)(共4篇，限时28分钟)A(2019·南京、盐城模拟)Thatcompetitionkeepspricesdowniswellknown.Butitishardtomeasurebyjusthowmuch,becausepricesvaryforallsortsofreasons,fromdifferencesinlabourcostsandrentstotaxes.RisingtothechallengeisanewpaperinTheEconomicJournalbyGiacomoCalzolari,AndreaIchino,FrancescoManaresiandVikiNellas，economistsattheEuropeanUniversityInstitute,BolognaUniversityandtheItaliancentralbank.Theylookedatpharmacies(药房)andspecificallyatcustomerswhomaybeparticularlyeasytoripoff:newparents.Usingdatafor2007to2010coveringaboutafifthofpharmaciesinItaly,theresearchersmeasuredthewayinwhichpricesofhygieneproductsforbabieschangedasthenumberofbabiesvaried.Theytookadvantageofapeculiarlawfromthe1960s,accordingtowhichregionswithatmost7,500peopleareallowedjustonepharmacy(supposedlytokeepthequalityofserviceshigh).Theycomparedpricesinplaceswithpopulationsjustbelowthisthreshold,andjustabove.Theproductsstudiedincludedsome3,000varietiesofshampoos,bathfoams,babywipes,creamsandsoon.Manyarealsousedbyadultsonthemselves.Somepeople,forexample,prefersuncreamlabelled“forchildren”becauseofitshighlevelofprotection.Whenraisingpricesfortheseproducts,evenapharmacistwithamonopoly(垄断)mustconsidertheriskthatadultuserswillswitchtoproductsthatarenotaimedatchildren.Butariseinthenumberofbabies,andhencebuyerswhoareparents,couldtip_the_scales_towardspriceincreases.Bycontrast,thepharmacistshouldalreadybechargingasmuchasparentsarewillingtopayforproductswithoutadultusers,suchasnappies.Thescholarsfoundthatpharmacistsraisedpriceswhenthereweremorenewparents—butonlyinregionswithasinglepharmacy,andnotfornappies.Inmonopolyareasadoublingofthenumberofbabiesfromonemonthtothenext(notunusualinasmallpopulation)coincidedwitha5%increaseinthepriceofthebasketofbabyhygieneproducts.Thestudyistimely.Italy'sgovernmenthasstartedtoloosensomeofthemanyrestrictionsthatstopcompetitioninthepharmacysector(thoughnotyettheonethattheresearchersreliedon).Butsuchregulationsareplentifulinmanyotherlinesofbusiness,andnotjustinItaly.Theconsumerswhopaythepriceareoftenthosewhofindithardesttotraveltoshoparound—forexample,peoplewithcryingbabiesontheirhands.语篇解读：研究人员发现竞争有利于降低价格。但是在一些人口比较少，只有一家垄断的药店的地方，儿童用药价格就比较高，所以文章建议政府放宽医药行业准入门槛，多增加一些药店，这样可以减轻新手父母的负担。1．What'sthepurposeofthestudy?A．Toreviewthefunctionofthespeciallawforpharmacies.B．Tomakecleartherelationbetweencompetitionandprices.C．TocollecttheinformationonpharmacybusinessinItaly.D．TogatherthedataonhygieneproductsforbabiesinItaly.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“Thatcompetitionkeepspricesdowniswellknown.Butitishardtomeasurebyjusthowmuch...”可知，大家都知道竞争会导致价格下降，但是很难具体测量竞争到底影响了多少价格，所以研究的目的是为了搞清楚竞争和价格之间的关系。2．Theunderlinedphrase“tipthescales”inParagraph3means“________”．A．pushthemoveB．keepthelevelC．controltheriseD．breakthebalance解析：选A词义猜测题。根据本文的主题以及常识可知婴儿多了，家长(要扩大购买)会推动价格上涨。画线词意为“推动价格上涨”，A项与之表达的意思一致，故选A。3．Thegovernment'snewmeasureswillgreatlybenefit________.A．pharmacyownersB．localmerchantsC．newparentsD．adultusers解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，怀抱婴儿的家长不方便到远的地方去买儿童药品，所以在药店比较少的地方容易被欺诈。放宽一些禁止医药行业竞争的政策，同一个地方会有更多的药店，有利于降低药价，所以刚做父母的人会受益。B(2019·南通七市模拟)Weallhavedefiningmomentsinourlives—meaningfulexperiencesthatstandoutinourmemory.Manyofthemoweagreatdealtochance:aluckyencounter(相遇)withsomeonewhobecomestheloveofyourlife.Anewteacherwhospotsatalentyoudidn'tknowyouhad.Thesemomentsseemtobetheproductoffateorluck.Wecan'tcontrolthem.Butisthattrue?Notnecessarily.Definingmomentsshapeourlives,butwedon'thavetowaitforthemtohappen.Wecanbetheauthorsofthem.Itispossibletocreatedefiningmomentsifweunderstandmoreaboutthem.Ourresearchshowsthattheyallshareasetofcommonelements.Westartbyasking:whydoweremembercertainexperiencesandforgetothers?Inthecaseofbigdays,suchasweddings,theanswerisprettyclear—it'sacelebrationthatisgrandinscaleandrichinemotion.Nosurprisethatit'smorememorablethanamathslesson.Butforotherexperiencesinlife—fromholidaystoworkprojects—it'snotsoclearwhywerememberwhatwedo.Consideranexperimentinwhichparticipantswereaskedtosubmerge(浸入)theirhandsfor60secondsinbucketsfilledwith14℃water.(Remember14℃waterfeelsmuchcolderthan14℃air.)Theywerethenaskedtosubmergetheirhandsfor90secondsinsteadof60,butduringthefinal30seconds,thewaterwarmedupto15℃.Theparticipantswerethengivenachoice:wouldyouratherrepeatthefirsttrialorthesecond?Psychologistshaveexplainedthereasonsforthispuzzlingresult.Whenpeopleassessanexperience,theytendtoforgetorignoreitslength.Insteadtheyseemtoratetheexperiencebasedontwokeymoments:thebestorworstmoment,knownasthepeak,andtheending.Intheparticipants'memories,whatstoodoutforthemwasthatthelongertrialendedmorecomfortablythantheshorterone.Sowhenweassessourexperiences,wedon'taverageourminutebyminutefeelings.Rather,wetendtorememberflagshipmoments:thepeaks,thepits(低谷)andthetransitions.Whatwedon'trememberarethebitsinbetween—sometimesthereislittletodistinguishoneweekfromthenext.Partlythisisbecausetheremaybeonlyadozenmomentsinyourlifethatshowwhoyouare—thosearebigdefiningmoments.Buttherearesmallerexperiences,too,inthecontextofamemorableholiday,romanticdateorworkachievement.Onceweunders